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Cross‐Jurisdictional Income Shifting by U.S. Multinationals: Evidence from International Bond Offerings

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  • Kaye J. Newberry
  • Dan S. Dhaliwal

Abstract

We examine whether tax incentives influence where U.S. multinationals locate their interest deductions worldwide. Our sample includes international bond offerings by U.S. multinationals during 1987–1997 denominated in the currencies of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, or the United Kingdom. Our results suggest that U.S. multinationals’ debt location decisions take into account the effect of jurisdiction‐specific tax‐loss carryforwards and binding foreign tax credit limitations on the value of debt tax shields. Our results are also consistent with U.S. multinationals locating interest deductions in different tax jurisdictions as a mechanism to achieve tax‐motivated income shifting.

Suggested Citation

  • Kaye J. Newberry & Dan S. Dhaliwal, 2001. "Cross‐Jurisdictional Income Shifting by U.S. Multinationals: Evidence from International Bond Offerings," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(3), pages 643-662, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:joares:v:39:y:2001:i:3:p:643-662
    DOI: 10.1111/1475-679X.00032
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    1. Steens, Bert & Roques, Thibaut & Gonnet, Sébastien & Beuselinck, Christof & Petutschnig, Matthias, 2022. "Transfer pricing comparables: Preferring a close neighbor over a far-away peer?," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 47(C).
    2. Paul Mizen & Frank Packer & Eli Remolona & Serafeim Tsoukas, 2014. "Capital structure and the issuance of corporate bonds in emerging Asia," Chapters, in: Iwan J. Azis & Hyun S. Shin (ed.), Global Shock, Risks, and Asian Financial Reform, chapter 13, pages 510-540, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. Saskia Kohlhase & Jochen Pierk, 2020. "The effect of a worldwide tax system on tax management of foreign subsidiaries," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 51(8), pages 1312-1330, October.
    4. Feld, Lars P. & Heckemeyer, Jost H. & Overesch, Michael, 2013. "Capital structure choice and company taxation: A meta-study," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 2850-2866.
    5. Huizinga, Harry & Laeven, Luc & Nicodeme, Gaetan, 2008. "Capital structure and international debt shifting," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(1), pages 80-118, April.
    6. Taylor, Grantley & Tower, Greg & Van Der Zahn, Mitch, 2011. "The influence of international taxation structures on corporate financial disclosure patterns," Accounting forum, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 32-46.
    7. Jennifer Blouin & Harry Huizinga & Luc Laeven & Gaëtan Nicodème, 2013. "Thin capitalization rules and multinational firm capital structure," Working Papers 1323, Oxford University Centre for Business Taxation.
    8. Nicolay, Katharina & Nusser, Hannah & Pfeiffer, Olena, 2017. "On the interdependency of profit shifting channels and the effectiveness of anti-avoidance legislation," ZEW Discussion Papers 17-066, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    9. Richardson, Grant & Taylor, Grantley & Lanis, Roman, 2013. "Determinants of transfer pricing aggressiveness: Empirical evidence from Australian firms," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(2), pages 136-150.
    10. Borrotti, Matteo & Rabasco, Michele & Santoro, Alessandro, 2023. "Using accounting information to predict aggressive tax location decisions by European groups," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 47(3).
    11. Gebhardt Heinz & Siemers Lars-H. R., 2017. "Die relative Steuerbelastung mittelständischer Kapitalgesellschaften: Evidenz von handelsbilanziellen Mikrodaten," Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik, De Gruyter, vol. 66(1), pages 1-35, April.
    12. Haoran Xu & William J. Moser, 2022. "Terrorism and Corporate Tax Avoidance," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 58(1), pages 174-208, March.
    13. Ge, Wenxia & Kim, Jeong-Bon & Li, Tiemei & Li, Yutao, 2016. "Offshore operations and bank loan contracting: Evidence from firms that set up subsidiaries in offshore financial centers," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 335-355.
    14. Overesch Michael, 2016. "Steuervermeidung multinationaler Unternehmen: Die Befunde der empirischen Forschung," Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, De Gruyter, vol. 17(2), pages 129-143, July.
    15. My Nguyen & Justin Hung Nguyen, 2020. "Economic policy uncertainty and firm tax avoidance," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 60(4), pages 3935-3978, December.
    16. Mohd Waliuddin Mohd Razali & Afizal Eizaz Abdul Razak & Sharon Cheuk Choy Sheung & Dyg Haszelinna Abg Ali, 2019. "Directors Remuneration and Tax Planning of Listed Companies," International Journal of Asian Social Science, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 9(11), pages 544-553, November.
    17. Taylor, Grantley & Richardson, Grant, 2013. "The determinants of thinly capitalized tax avoidance structures: Evidence from Australian firms," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 12-25.
    18. Ricardo Santos & Samuel Pereira & Elísio Brandão, 2016. "Transfer Pricing Aggressiveness And Financial Derivatives Practices: Empirical Evidences From United Kingdom," FEP Working Papers 583, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto.
    19. Jeffrey L. Coles & Elena Patel & Nathan Seegert & Matthew Smith, 2022. "How Do Firms Respond to Corporate Taxes?," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(3), pages 965-1006, June.
    20. Fritz Foley, C. & Hartzell, Jay C. & Titman, Sheridan & Twite, Garry, 2007. "Why do firms hold so much cash? A tax-based explanation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(3), pages 579-607, December.
    21. Argilés-Bosch, Josep M. & Somoza, Antonio & Ravenda, Diego & García-Blandón, Josep, 2020. "An empirical examination of the influence of e-commerce on tax avoidance in Europe," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    22. von Hagen, Dominik & Harendt, Christoph, 2017. "Impact of controlled foreign corporation rules on post-acquisition investment and profit shifting in targets," ZEW Discussion Papers 17-062, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.

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