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Margin Requirements and the Security Market Line

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  • PETRI JYLHÄ

Abstract

Between 1934 and 1974, the Federal Reserve changed the initial margin requirement for the U.S. stock market 22 times. I use this variation to show that investors' leverage constraints affect the pricing of risk. Consistent with earlier theoretical predictions, I find that tighter leverage constraints result in a flatter relation between betas and expected returns. My results provide strong empirical support for the idea that the constraints investors face may help explain the empirical failure of the capital asset pricing model.

Suggested Citation

  • Petri Jylhä, 2018. "Margin Requirements and the Security Market Line," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 73(3), pages 1281-1321, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jfinan:v:73:y:2018:i:3:p:1281-1321
    DOI: 10.1111/jofi.12616
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    Cited by:

    1. Do, Hung X. & Nguyen, Nhut H. & Nguyen, Quan M.P., 2022. "Financial leverage and stock return comovement," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    2. Michael Hasler & Charles Martineau, 2023. "Explaining the Failure of the Unconditional CAPM with the Conditional CAPM," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(3), pages 1835-1855, March.
    3. Yanxi Li & Siu Kai Choy & Mingzhu Wang, 2022. "The potential built‐in supply effect from margin trading in the Chinese stock market," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 57(4), pages 835-861, November.
    4. Nissinen, Juuso & Sihvonen, Markus, 2024. "Bond convenience curves and funding costs," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    5. Wang, Shujing & Yan, Hongjun & Zhong, Ninghua & Tang, Yizhou, 2024. "Indirect effects of trading restrictions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    6. Bradrania, Reza & Veron, Jose Francisco, 2023. "The beta anomaly in the Australian stock market and the lottery demand," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    7. González-Urteaga, Ana & Rubio, Gonzalo, 2021. "The quality premium with leverage and liquidity constraints," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    8. Daniel Barth & Laurel Hammond & Phillip Monin, 2020. "Leverage and Risk in Hedge Funds," Working Papers 20-02, Office of Financial Research, US Department of the Treasury.
    9. Bradrania, Reza & Veron, Jose Francisco & Wu, Winston, 2023. "The beta anomaly and the quality effect in international stock markets," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    10. Chen, Yong & Da, Zhi & Huang, Dayong, 2022. "Short selling efficiency," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(2), pages 387-408.
    11. Zhongjin Lu & Zhongling Qin, 2021. "Leveraged Funds and the Shadow Cost of Leverage Constraints," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(3), pages 1295-1338, June.

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