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New Directions in EU Foreign Policy Governance: Cross‐loading, Leadership and Informal Groupings

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  • Lisbeth Aggestam
  • Federica Bicchi

Abstract

This article explores new patterns of interaction in foreign affairs among European Union (EU) Member States post‐Lisbon, which have increased reliance on horizontal and informal practices. It argues that cross‐loading among Member States outside EU institutions has moved centre stage and contributed to smaller groups of like‐minded Member States working together. This shift challenges much of our understanding of Europeanization, which is based on vertical forms of uploading and downloading. We illustrate these dynamics using the case of Sweden's recognition of Palestine in October 2014. While this seemed to break away from the established EU consensus, Sweden's decision aimed at leading the way and imparting momentum, especially within the like‐minded group of EU countries. Rather than being an example of de‐Europeanization, this case shows how Member States can seek new ways of exerting influence in the post‐Lisbon environment.

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  • Lisbeth Aggestam & Federica Bicchi, 2019. "New Directions in EU Foreign Policy Governance: Cross‐loading, Leadership and Informal Groupings," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(3), pages 515-532, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jcmkts:v:57:y:2019:i:3:p:515-532
    DOI: 10.1111/jcms.12846
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    Cited by:

    1. Jan Orbie & Viktor Opsomer & Yentyl Williams & Sarah Delputte & Joren Verschaeve, 2021. "Shielded against risk? European donor co‐ordination in Palestine," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 39(5), pages 703-720, September.
    2. Patryk Czułno, 2021. "Theorizing and Testing Cross‐Loading: The EU Common Foreign and Security Policy and Polish Concessions to Germany's Russia Policy," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 59(5), pages 1247-1266, September.
    3. Jane Freedman, 2021. "Immigration, Refugees and Responses," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 59(S1), pages 92-102, September.
    4. Heidi Maurer & Nicholas Wright, 2021. "Still Governing in the Shadows? Member States and the Political and Security Committee in the Post‐Lisbon EU Foreign Policy Architecture," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 59(4), pages 856-872, July.
    5. Matteo CM Casiraghi & Eugenio Cusumano & Angelos Chryssogelos, 2024. "European integration and political party logos: A ‘visual Europeanization’?," European Union Politics, , vol. 25(1), pages 86-105, March.

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