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Single Cases or a Unique Pair? The Swiss and Norwegian ‘No’ to Europe

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  • Pascal Sciarini
  • Ola Listhaug

Abstract

This article compares the Swiss and Norwegian European policies. It combines an analysis of the sectoral interests among the elite, based on a qualification of Katzenstein's small‐state/flexible adjustment thesis, and an analysis of the referendum behaviour, based on survey data. At the first level, it shows that the structure of each state's economic dependence on the European Union (EU), on the one hand, and the threat of liberalization among domestic sectors of the economy, on the other, were more decisive than the ‘liberal’ or ‘social’ pattern of adaptation to international changes in shaping Swiss and Norwegian elite's attitude towards European integration. At the second level, it suggests that, if taking part in the EU project—be it through full membership or through membership in the European Economic Area—is not perceived as an economic necessity, cultural and political factors can have a more decisive impact than economic factors on the voters' decision.

Suggested Citation

  • Pascal Sciarini & Ola Listhaug, 1997. "Single Cases or a Unique Pair? The Swiss and Norwegian ‘No’ to Europe," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(3), pages 407-438, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jcmkts:v:35:y:1997:i:3:p:407-438
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-5965.00068
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    Cited by:

    1. Thomas Christin & Alexander H. Trechsel, 2002. "Joining the EU?," European Union Politics, , vol. 3(4), pages 415-443, December.
    2. Pascal Sciarini & Anke Tresch, 2009. "A Two-Level Analysis of the Determinants of Direct Democratic Choices in European, Immigration and Foreign Policy in Switzerland," European Union Politics, , vol. 10(4), pages 456-481, December.
    3. Richard Hyman, 2010. "Trade Unions and ‘Europe’: Are the Members out of Step?," LEQS – LSE 'Europe in Question' Discussion Paper Series 14, European Institute, LSE.
    4. Hyman, Richard, 2009. "Trade unions and “Europe”: are the members out of step?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 39848, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.

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