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Why Hedge? Some Evidence From Oil And Gas Producers

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  • David Haushalter

Abstract

Despite the prevalence of corporate risk management, there are no widely accepted explanations for why companies hedge or how shareholders benefit from hedging. This article provides some evidence on these issues by reporting the results of a study of the risk management policies of 100 oil and gas producers from 1992 to 1994. The first notable finding is the considerable variety of the hedging policies of the oil and gas producers. For example, in 1993 slightly more than half of the companies did not hedge, while a quarter of the firms in the sample hedged more than 28′ of their production, and some firms hedged almost 100′. The second main finding was that the extent of hedging was related to a variety of factors, largely those related to financing costs. In particular, companies with higher leverage—and thus presumably facing greater difficulties in accessing the capital markets—tended to hedge a larger fraction of their output than firms with lower leverage ratios. This result is consistent with the idea that corporations manage risks to help ensure they have sufficient capital to finance their investment opportunities and to reduce the likelihood that low oil and gas prices will push them into financial distress. Under either of these interpretations, financial theory would suggest that corporate hedging increases shareholder value. Whether it actually does so is a matter for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • David Haushalter, 2001. "Why Hedge? Some Evidence From Oil And Gas Producers," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 13(4), pages 87-92, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:jacrfn:v:13:y:2001:i:4:p:87-92
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6622.2001.tb00428.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Geyer-Klingeberg, Jerome & Hang, Markus & Rathgeber, Andreas W., 2019. "What drives financial hedging? A meta-regression analysis of corporate hedging determinants," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 203-221.
    2. Acharya, Viral V. & Lochstoer, Lars A. & Ramadorai, Tarun, 2013. "Limits to arbitrage and hedging: Evidence from commodity markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(2), pages 441-465.
    3. Ullah, Subhan & Irfan, Muhammad & Kim, Ja Ryong & Ullah, Farid, 2023. "Capital expenditures, corporate hedging and firm value," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 360-366.
    4. George E. Halkos & Apostolos S. Tsirivis, 2019. "Energy Commodities: A Review of Optimal Hedging Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-19, October.
    5. Wong, Jin Boon & Zhang, Qin, 2023. "Managerial performance and oil price shocks," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    6. Yantao Wen & Yuanfei Kang & Yafeng Qin & Jeffrey C. Kennedy, 2021. "Use of Derivative and Firm Performance: Evidence from the Chinese Shenzhen Stock Exchange," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-22, February.

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