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Space Matters — Marginalization and Its Places

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  • JENS S. DANGSCHAT

Abstract

Analysing the social situation of hyperghettos in Chicago and the banlieues in Paris, Loïc Wacquant goes far beyond the empirical comparison by detecting the underlying logics of social polarization. Thus, he contends that each society produces its own social inequalities through its respective power relations and that place matters for social exclusion processes. This fact, however, should not be analysed simply by structural factors. Therefore, a theory of space is needed by which it is possible to explain the inner logics of socio‐spatial exclusion. Following the theory of the self‐recruiting of the upper classes by Pierre Bourdieu (the structure–habitus–practise reproduction formula) this theory has to connect the macro level (market economy, neoliberal regulation, the production of images, goals and attitudes towards social justice, etc.) which explains the logics of regulation and class composition, the meso level (territories and places with their own logics, social structures and social relations in networks — bridging or bonding) and the micro level (with its subjective constructions of realities and everyday behaviour). The commentary concludes with the question why critical books like Urban Outcasts are so rare and argues that the ‘economy of awareness’ is negatively impacting on the scientific community. Résumé Dans Urban Outcasts (Parias urbains), analyser la situation sociale des hyperghettos de Chicago et des ‘banlieues’ de Paris conduit Loïc Wacquant au‐delà de la comparaison empirique en détectant la logique sous‐jacente de la polarisation sociale. En conséquence, il affirme que chaque société produit ses propres inégalités sociales au travers des relations de pouvoir en place, et que le lieu joue un rôle dans les processus d'exclusion sociale. Néanmoins, ce fait ne devrait pas être analysé uniquement selon des facteurs structuraux. Il faut donc une théorie de l'espace permettant d'expliquer la logique interne de l'exclusion socio‐spatiale. Partant de la théorie de Pierre Bourdieu sur l'auto‐recrutement des classes supérieures (formule de reproduction: structure, habitus, pratique), cette théorie doit relier trois niveaux: le niveau macro (économie de marché, régulation néolibérale, production d'images, objectifs et attitudes en faveur de la justice sociale, etc.) qui explique la logique de la régulation et de la composition des classes; le niveau méso (territoires et lieux ayant chacun leur logique, leurs structures sociales et leurs réseaux de relations sociales, qu'ils soient bonding ou bridging); le niveau micro (avec ses interprétations subjectives des réalités et du comportement au quotidien). En conclusion, le commentaire se demande pourquoi les livres critiques comme Urban Outcasts sont aussi rares et préconise que ‘l'économie de l'attention’ a un impact négatif sur la communauté scientifique.

Suggested Citation

  • Jens S. Dangschat, 2009. "Space Matters — Marginalization and Its Places," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(3), pages 835-840, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:33:y:2009:i:3:p:835-840
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00924.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Matheus Pereira Libório & Alexandre Magno Alves Diniz & Hamidreza Rabiei-Dastjerd & Oseias da Silva Martinuci & Carlos Augusto Paiva da Silva Martins & Petr Iakovlevitch Ekel, 2023. "A Decision Framework for Identifying Methods to Construct Stable Composite Indicators That Capture the Concept of Multidimensional Social Phenomena: The Case of Social Exclusion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-17, April.
    2. Fenne M. Pinkster, 2014. "Neighbourhood Effects as Indirect Effects: Evidence from a Dutch Case Study on the Significance of Neighbourhood for Employment Trajectories," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(6), pages 2042-2059, November.
    3. Alexandru Dragan & Remus Crețan & Mihaela Ancuța Lungu, 2024. "Neglected and Peripheral Spaces: Challenges of Socioeconomic Marginalization in a South Carpathian Area," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-23, July.
    4. Federico Benassi & Francesca Bitonti & Angelo Mazza & Salvatore Strozza, 2023. "Sri Lankans’ residential segregation and spatial inequalities in Southern Italy: an empirical analysis using fine-scale data on regular lattice geographies," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(2), pages 1629-1648, April.
    5. Sabine O’Hara & Golnar Ahmadi & Midas Hampton & Konyka Dunson, 2023. "Telling Our Story—A Community-Based Meso-Level Approach to Sustainable Community Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, March.

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