Author
Listed:
- Luciana Lazzeretti
- Lisa De Propris
- Dimitri Storai
Abstract
This article compares the role and objectives of informal capital provision in a trust‐based context (such as in industrial districts) and in a market‐based context. An example of the former is given by the activities of impannatori in the Prato (Florence, Tuscany) textile district, while the latter is associated with the activities of business angels. Impannatori are ‘pure entrepreneurs’ acting as final firms; they have two main functions: liaising with the final market and coordinating subcontracting activities. Another typical function of impannatori is to provide informal finance to subcontractors. Pure entrepreneurs, like impannatori in Prato, are typical of industrial districts in general. The article compares impannatori with business angels as both act as informal capital providers to small firms and start‐ups, often replacing and offering finance in parallel to the banking system. Despite the large number of studies on Italian industrial districts, informal capital provision within them has often been neglected. The novelty of the article is therefore to explore the role of impannatori as providers of informal credit to subcontractors for the functioning and the success of the textile district in Prato. It will be argued that a trust‐based context enables credit providers to reduce transaction costs and information asymmetry, therefore reducing the risk associated with informal lending. To do this we compare the impannatori model with business angels, highlighting differences and similarities. In order to assess the importance of impannatori within Prato we draw on ecological theories of organizations and investigate the co‐evolution of impannatori and subcontractors' populations. The empirical evidence we provide is consistent with the hypothesis that the two populations have evolved in symbiosis and that the informal credit provided by impannatori has been crucial for the economic development of Prato. Cet article compare le rôle et les objectifs d'une mise à disposition informelle de capitaux basée sur la confiance (comme dans les districts industriels) et sur le marché. Le premier cas est illustré par les activités des impannatori dans le secteur textile de Prato (près de Florence, Toscane), et le second est associé aux activités des business angels, investisseurs individuels fortunés. Les impannatori sont de véritables chefs d'entreprises du marché; leurs deux fonctions principales sont le lien avec le marché final et la coordination des activités de sous‐traitance. Un autre de leur rôle consiste à financer les sous‐traitants de manière informelle. Les vrais chefs d'entreprise, tels les impannatori de Prato, sont caractéristiques des districts industriels en général. L'article les compare aux business angels, car tous sont des fournisseurs de capitaux non‐institutionnels auprès de petites entreprises et start‐ups, remplaçant souvent le système bancaire ou offrant un financement parallèle. Malgré les multiples études sur les districts industriels italiens, la mise à disposition informelle de capitaux qui y existe a souvent été négligée. L'originalité de l'article est donc d'explorer le rôle des impannatori en tant que fournisseurs de crédit non‐institutionnels auprès des sous‐traitants en vue du fonctionnement et du succès du secteur textile de Prato. Un contexte de confiance permet aux fournisseurs de crédit de réduire le coût des transactions et l'asymétrie de l'information, limitant ainsi le risque associé au prêt informel. C'est pourquoi l'article compare le modèle des impannatori aux business angels, soulignant différences et similitudes. Afin d'évaluer la place des premiers à Prato, il s'inspire des théories écologiques des organisations et examine l'évolution conjointe des impannatori et des sous‐traitants. L'indice empirique ainsi obtenu corrobore l'hypothèse que les deux populations ont évolué en symbiose et que le crédit informel procuré par les impannatori a été essentiel à l'essor économique de Prato.
Suggested Citation
Luciana Lazzeretti & Lisa De Propris & Dimitri Storai, 2004.
"Imoannatori and business angels: two models of informal capital provision,"
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(4), pages 839-854, December.
Handle:
RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:28:y:2004:i:4:p:839-854
DOI: 10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00554.x
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Cited by:
- Jarle Aarstad & Olav Andreas Kvitastein & Stig-Erik Jakobsen, 2019.
"What Drives Enterprise Product Innovation? Assessing How Regional, National, And International Inter-Firm Collaboration Complement Or Substitute For R&D Investments,"
International Journal of Innovation Management (ijim), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 23(05), pages 1-25, June.
- Francesco Minnetti, 2019.
"The start-up “system†in Italy: support activities of the operators through an empirical analysis,"
Journal of Finance and Investment Analysis, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 8(3), pages 1-3.
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