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Interrogating the geographies of the familiar: domesticating nature and constructing the autonomy of the modern home

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  • Maria Kaika

Abstract

This article studies the western bourgeois home, and argues that its social construction as a familiar, autonomous, safe, private haven is predicated not only upon the exclusion of undesired social elements (anomie, homelessness, social conflict, etc.) but also upon the exclusion of undesired natural elements (cold, dirt, pollution, sewage, etc.). Using the domestication of water in the western world as a vehicle, the article analyses the historical‐geographical process through which nature became scripted as ‘the other’ to the bourgeois home, and explains the contribution of this separation to the conceptual construction of the home as a distinct and autonomous ‘space envelope’, supposedly untouched by socio‐natural processes. This analysis identifies an inherent contradiction: despite the intense efforts at ‘othering’ and excluding nature from the premises of the home, the function and familiarity of this space is increasingly dependent upon the production of nature. Although the complex set of socio‐natural networks, pipes and cables that carry clean, produced, commodified nature inside and pump bad, metabolized nature outside the bourgeois home remain visually excluded, it is this same excluded socio‐nature that constitutes the material basis upon which the familiarity of the home is constructed. Thus, in a simultaneous act of need and denial, the bourgeois home remains the host of the elements that it tries to exclude. This contradiction surfaces at moments of crisis (such as power cuts, burst mains and water shortage) when familiar objects acquire uncanny properties. At such moments, the continuity of the social and material processes that produce the domestic space is unexpectedly foregrounded, bringing the dweller face to face with his/her alienation, within his/her most familiar environment. Cet article montre comment la construction sociale de la maison bourgeoise occidentale, en tant que refuge privé, sécurisé, autonome et familier, s'appuie sur l'exclusion d'éléments indésirables, tant sociaux (anomie, sans‐abri, lutte sociale, etc.) que naturels (froid, saleté, pollution, effluents, etc.). Comme véhicule, ce travail utilise la domestication de l'eau dans le monde occidental, et analyse le processus historico‐géographique par lequel la nature est devenue ‘l'autre’ pour la maison bourgeoise, tout en expliquant l'apport de cette séparation dans l'élaboration conceptuelle de la maison comme ‘enveloppe spatiale’ distincte et autonome, censée être préservée des processus sociaux‐naturels. Ainsi apparaît une contradiction intrinsèque: malgré d'intenses efforts visant à‘l'altérité’ et l'exclusion de la nature dans le principe, la fonction et la familiarité de la maison dépendent de plus en plus de la production de nature. L'ensemble complexe de réseaux sociaux‐naturels, tuyaux et câbles qui amènent une nature nettoyée, fabriquée, banalisée à l'intérieur et expulsent la nature mauvaise, métabolisée à l'extérieur de la maison bourgeoise, restent éliminés visuellement. Pourtant, c'est cette même socio‐nature exclue qui constitue la base matérielle sur laquelle se construit l'intimité de cet espace. Donc, dans un acte simultané de besoin et rejet, la maison bourgeoise continue d'héberger les éléments qu'elle essaie d'exclure. Cette contradiction émerge lors des crises (coupures de courant, explosion de canalisations et pénuries d'eau, par exemple) quand les objets familiers revêtent des qualités surnaturelles. Alors, la continuité des processus sociaux et matériels qui génèrent l'espace domestique est subitement mise en lumière, l'occupant se trouvant confrontéà son aliénation, au sein de son environnement le plus intime.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Kaika, 2004. "Interrogating the geographies of the familiar: domesticating nature and constructing the autonomy of the modern home," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 265-286, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:28:y:2004:i:2:p:265-286
    DOI: 10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00519.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Casper Laing Ebbensgaard, 2019. "Book review: The Nocturnal City," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 56(5), pages 1061-1063, April.
    2. Jenny Preece & John Flint, 2024. "UNHOMING, TRAUMA AND WAITING: The Post‐Grenfell Building Safety Crisis in England," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(1), pages 94-110, January.
    3. J. David Thomas, 2016. "Jeff Foxworthy’s Redneck Humor and the Boundaries of Middle-Class American Whiteness," SAGE Open, , vol. 6(2), pages 21582440166, April.
    4. Alaazi, Dominic A. & Masuda, Jeffrey R. & Evans, Joshua & Distasio, Jino, 2015. "Therapeutic landscapes of home: Exploring Indigenous peoples' experiences of a Housing First intervention in Winnipeg," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 30-37.
    5. Ariel Handel, 2019. "What’s in a home? Toward a critical theory of housing/dwelling," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 37(6), pages 1045-1062, September.
    6. Utku Balaban & Albert S Fu, 2014. "Politics of Urban Development and Wildfires in California and Turkey," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 46(4), pages 820-836, April.
    7. Wendy S. Shaw & Lindsay Menday, 2013. "Fibro Dreaming: Greenwashed Beach-house Development on Australia’s Coasts," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 50(14), pages 2940-2958, November.
    8. Caroline Barratt & Gill Green, 2017. "Making a House in Multiple Occupation a Home: Using Visual Ethnography to Explore Issues of Identity and Well-Being in the Experience of Creating a Home Amongst HMO Tenants," Sociological Research Online, , vol. 22(1), pages 95-112, February.
    9. Nicole T Cook & Sophie-May Kerr, 2024. "Assembling high-rise: The uneven agencies of air in suburban densification in the Anthropocene," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 61(7), pages 1308-1326, May.
    10. COLIN McFARLANE & JONATHAN RUTHERFORD, 2008. "Political Infrastructures: Governing and Experiencing the Fabric of the City," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(2), pages 363-374, June.
    11. Alison Browne & Will Medd & Ben Anderson, 2013. "Developing Novel Approaches to Tracking Domestic Water Demand Under Uncertainty—A Reflection on the “Up Scaling” of Social Science Approaches in the United Kingdom," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(4), pages 1013-1035, March.

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