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Between Institutional Learning and Re‐legitimization: Italian Mayors in the Unending Reform

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  • Annick Magnier

Abstract

Direct election of the mayor, introduced in Italy in 1993 as a result of anti‐party attitudes and ‘modernization’, is one aspect of the broad redefinition of local authorities which recently culminated in an ambiguous revision of the constitutional text aimed to promote vertical subsidiarity. The impact of such a profound revision of the mayor's role is under debate. Beyond the radical changes in party labels and systems, a stronger territorial differentiation in the pattern of recruitment, a slight positive discrimination in favour of marginal categories in re‐election — possible forerunners of a deeper transformation — and the dominant social profile of current mayors (gender, age, education, work experiences, party training), it is not very different from that of their colleagues of 30 years ago. Their new role marks, nevertheless, significant progress towards greater accountability, activism and ambition among mayors, which is related to their increasing detachment from party politics and to an increased weakness of the other participants in local democracy. But such an excessive individualization of power and visibility in Italian local authorities threatens to reduce the possible positive impact of the reform on the efficiency of policy‐making and legitimization of local politics. L'élection du maire au suffrage direct, mise en place en 1993 en Italie suite à une ‘modernisation’ et à des attitudes anti‐partis, constitue l'une des facettes de la vaste redéfinition des autorités locales, laquelle a récemment menéà une révision ambiguë du texte constitutionnel visant à promouvoir la subsidiarité verticale. L'impact d'une telle refonte du rôle du maire est l'objet de discussions. Malgré les changements radicaux dans les étiquettes et systèmes des partis, un renforcement de la différentiation territoriale dans le schéma de recrutement, une légère tendance anti‐discriminatoire en faveur des catégories marginales lors des réélections (présageant peut‐être une transformation plus profonde), et le profil social dominant des maires actuels (sexe, âge, instruction, expérience professionnelle, formation par le parti), leur rôle n'est pas très différent de celui de leurs prédécesseurs d'il y a 30 ans. La formule nouvelle présente néanmoins une importante avancée vers une responsabilité, un activisme et une ambition plus marqués des maires, évolution liée à leur désintérêt croissant pour la politique des partis, ainsi qu'à un affaiblissement des autres participants à la démocratie locale. Toutefois, cette individualisation excessive du pouvoir et de la visibilité au niveau des autorités locales italiennes menace d'atténuer la possible incidence positive de la réforme sur l'efficacité des décisions de politique publique et la légitimation des politiques locales.

Suggested Citation

  • Annick Magnier, 2004. "Between Institutional Learning and Re‐legitimization: Italian Mayors in the Unending Reform," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(1), pages 166-182, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:28:y:2004:i:1:p:166-182
    DOI: 10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00509.x
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    1. repec:ctc:serie1:def2 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Pascal Delwit, 2006. "Les mandataires communaux en Région bruxelloise: environnement changeant, nouvelles élites ?," CEVIPOL Working Papers 2, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    3. repec:ulb:ulbcvp:p0023 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Massimo Bordignon & Matteo Gamalerio & Gilberto Turati, 2013. "Decentralization, Vertical Fiscal Imbalance, and Political Selection," DISCE - Working Papers del Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza def002, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimenti e Istituti di Scienze Economiche (DISCE).
    5. Lionel Martins & José Manuel Rodríguez à lvarez, 2007. "Towards Glocal Leadership: Taking up the Challenge of New Local Governance in Europe?," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 25(3), pages 391-409, June.
    6. Hellmut Wollmann, 2006. "The Fall and Rise of the Local Community: A Comparative and Historical Perspective," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 43(8), pages 1419-1438, July.
    7. Pascal Delwit, 2006. "Les mandataires communaux en Région bruxelloise: environnement changeant, nouvelles élites ?," Cahiers du CEVIPOL/Brussels Working papers 130478, Centre d'étude de la vie politique (CEVIPOL) of the Université Libre de Bruxelles.

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