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Questioning the use of ‘local democracy’ as a discursive strategy for political mobilization in Los Angeles, Montreal and Toronto

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  • Julie‐Anne Boudreau

Abstract

Between 1997 and 2002, homeowners in various parts of Los Angeles sought to secede from the City. At the same time, in Toronto, the province of Ontario forced the amalgamation of six municipalities forming a new megacity of 2.4 million. Residents mobilized for several months. In 2000, the province of Quebec forced the merger of 28 local municipalities in Montreal, forming a new city of 1.8 million. Angst came mostly from suburban Anglophone municipalities, where it was felt mergers would affect linguistic privileges. In the three cases, but stemming from different positions on the Left‐Right political spectrum, social actors claimed more local autonomy ‘in the name of local democracy’. Comparing these cases where institutional reforms and claims for local autonomy captured the political agenda, the article asks whether the use of ‘local democracy’ as a legitimizing tool for territorial claims may point to the emergence of a new generalized discursive strategy. Comparing variations in interpretations, and locating them in their respective local political cultures and in relation to the political positioning of claiming groups, highlights the processes by which socio‐political movements mobilize residents to their cause while avoiding accusations of NIMBYism. In the end, the article questions the moral tone attached to the expression ‘local democracy’. Entre 1997 et 2002, les propriétaires d'habitation de plusieurs zones de Los Angeles ont cherchéà se séparer de la ville. Dans le même temps, à Toronto, la province d'Ontario forçait l'unification de six municipalités en une nouvelle méga‐cité de 2.4 millions d'âmes; les habitants se sont mobilisés pendant plusieurs mois. En 2000, la province de Québec a imposé la fusion de 28 municipalités locales dans Montréal, constituant une nouvelle ville de 1.8 million de personnes; l'angoisse est née surtout des municipalités suburbaines anglophones qui craignaient pour leurs privilèges linguistiques. Même si, dans les trois cas, leur position diffère dans l'éventail politique Gauche‐Droite, les acteurs sociaux ont revendiqué davantage d'autonomie ‘au nom de la démocratie locale’. En comparant ces cas, où réformes institutionnelles et demandes d'autonomie locale ont accaparé le calendrier politique, l'article cherche à savoir si l'usage de la ‘démocratie locale’ pour justifier des revendications territoriales pourrait révéler l'émergence d'une nouvelle stratégie discursive généralisée. Faire un parallèle entre les variations d'interprétations — en les situant dans leurs cultures politiques locales respectives et par rapport à la position politique des groupes de contestation — met en lumière les processus qui permettent aux mouvements socio‐politiques de mobiliser les résidents à leur cause sans être accusés de NIMBYisme. Pour finir, l'article s'interroge sur la coloration morale de l'expression ‘démocratie locale’.

Suggested Citation

  • Julie‐Anne Boudreau, 2003. "Questioning the use of ‘local democracy’ as a discursive strategy for political mobilization in Los Angeles, Montreal and Toronto," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(4), pages 793-810, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:27:y:2003:i:4:p:793-810
    DOI: 10.1111/j.0309-1317.2003.00484.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Ismael Blanco & Steven Griggs & Helen Sullivan, 2014. "Situating the local in the neoliberalisation and transformation of urban governance," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 51(15), pages 3129-3146, November.
    2. Ash Amin, 2006. "The Good City," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 43(5-6), pages 1009-1023, May.
    3. Mark Purcell, 2006. "Urban Democracy and the Local Trap," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 43(11), pages 1921-1941, October.
    4. Paul Routledge, 2010. "Introduction: Cities, Justice and Conflict," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 47(6), pages 1165-1177, May.
    5. Jean-Paul D. Addie, 2009. "Constructing Neoliberal Urban Democracy in the American Inner-city," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 24(6-7), pages 536-554, September.
    6. Yunji Kim & Seung Lee, 2014. "The Development and Application of a Community Wellbeing Index in Korean Metropolitan Cities," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 119(2), pages 533-558, November.

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