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The ambivalence of diversity and the politics of urban renaissance: the case of youth in downtown Portland, Maine

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  • Loretta Lees

Abstract

In this article the ambivalence of public policy responses to diversity on the street are documented empirically through a detailed case study of the marginalization of youth from the downtown public spaces of Portland, Maine, USA. Urban planners, architects and property developers have become increasingly concerned with improving the quality of urban life and the public spaces on which it depends. They argue that urban revitalization initiatives must embrace diversity — cultural and economic, as well as functional and spatial. This diversity of different ‘diversities’ is often under‐theorized, as are the benefits of, and relationships among, social and cultural diversity, economic diversification, mixed‐use and multi‐purpose zoning, political pluralism, and democratic public space. It is my contention that this ambivalence is not simply a smokescreen for vested commercial interests, but also provides opportunities for expressing alternative visions of what diversity and the city itself should be. Looking specifically at youth, I explore a relatively underexamined aspect of inner‐city diversity. While there is a relatively well‐developed literature about the contested place of low‐income groups, racial minorities and the homeless in urban redevelopment initiatives, youth have largely been ignored. Dans cet article, l'ambivalence des réponses que la politique publique apporte à la diversité de la rue fait l'objet de données empiriques grâce à une étude de cas détaillée sur la marginalisation de la jeunesse dans les espaces publics du centre‐ville de Portland, dans le Maine (Etats‐Unis). Urbanistes, architectes et promoteurs se soucient de plus en plus d'améliorer la qualité de la vie urbaine et les espaces publics dont celleci dépend. Selon eux, les initiatives de revitalisation urbaine doivent englober la diversité, tant culturelle et économique, que fonctionnelle et spatiale. Cette diversité de plusieurs ‘diversités’ est peu théorisée, pas plus que les avantages et rapports mutuels de la pluralité culturelle et sociale, de la diversification économique, d'un zonage plurifonctionnel et polyvalent, du pluralisme politique et de l'espace public démocratique. L'article soutient que cette ambivalence, loin d'être un simple paravent pour droits acquis commerciaux, crée des possibilités d'exprimer d'autres visions de ce qu'une diversité et la ville elle‐même devraient être. Concernant les jeunes, il explore un aspect plutôt négligé de la diversité des centres‐villes: alors qu'il existe une littérature relativement élaborée sur la place contestée des groupes à faibles revenus, des minorités raciales et des sans‐abri dans les initiatives de réaménagement urbain, la jeunesse a été largement ignorée.

Suggested Citation

  • Loretta Lees, 2003. "The ambivalence of diversity and the politics of urban renaissance: the case of youth in downtown Portland, Maine," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(3), pages 613-634, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:27:y:2003:i:3:p:613-634
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00469
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    Cited by:

    1. Paul Chatterton & Rachael Unsworth, 2004. "Making Space for Culture(s) in Boomtown. Some Alternative Futures for Development, Ownership and Participation in Leeds City Centre," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 19(4), pages 361-379, November.
    2. Loretta Lees, 2008. "Gentrification and Social Mixing: Towards an Inclusive Urban Renaissance?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 45(12), pages 2449-2470, November.
    3. Dick M. Carpenter & John K. Ross, 2009. "Testing O’Connor and Thomas: Does the Use of Eminent Domain Target Poor and Minority Communities?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(11), pages 2447-2461, October.
    4. Donna Marie Brown, 2013. "Young People, Anti-social Behaviour and Public Space: The Role of Community Wardens in Policing the ‘ASBO Generation’," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 50(3), pages 538-555, February.
    5. Per Gunnar Røe, 2014. "Analysing Place and Place-making: Urbanization in Suburban Oslo," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(2), pages 498-515, March.
    6. Gavin Brown, 2007. "Mutinous Eruptions: Autonomous Spaces of Radical Queer Activism," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 39(11), pages 2685-2698, November.
    7. Julie Ren & Jason Luger, 2015. "Comparative Urbanism and the ‘Asian City': Implications for Research and Theory," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(1), pages 145-156, January.
    8. Roy Coleman & Steve Tombs & Dave Whyte, 2005. "Capital, Crime Control and Statecraft in the Entrepreneurial City," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 42(13), pages 2511-2530, December.
    9. Hyunji Cho, 2021. "The politics of recognition and planning practices in diverse neighbourhoods: Korean Chinese in Garibong-dong, Seoul," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(14), pages 2863-2879, November.
    10. Michael Janoschka & Jorge Sequera & Luis Salinas, 2014. "Gentrification in Spain and Latin America — a Critical Dialogue," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(4), pages 1234-1265, July.
    11. Melissa Butcher & Luke Dickens, 2016. "Spatial Dislocation and Affective Displacement: Youth Perspectives on Gentrification in London," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(4), pages 800-816, July.

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