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Limits of imagineering: a case study of Penang

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  • Peggy Teo

Abstract

Penang Development Corporation, tasked with placing Penang at the forefront of Malaysia's economic development, has imagineered Penang into a city of vibrance and innovation. Besides manufacturing, tourism is promoted as a mainstay of the economy. Consequently, the themes of culture, heritage, sun and sea, adventure/nature and agro‐tourism have been selected and attractions have been appropriated and strategically amplified to fit into the themes. At each of these themed sites, symbols and signifiers make the consumption of the landscape easier, bolstered by a carnival spirit that will heighten the fun tourists come to expect. Tourists can also safely consume the exotic beaches without exposure to danger because they are ‘protected’ from the locals. The imagineering has excluded Penangites whose lived landscapes have been ignored in favor of images which tourists can easily consume. Penangites have rallied together to challenge the conservation program which they claim is biased to tourism, to assert their rights to the maintenance of public roads, and to their use of public places such as Batu Ferringhi beach. The article exemplifies the contestation that occurs when places are commodified into a few recognizable and marketable characteristics that are devoid of the socio‐spatial contexts from which they evolved. La Penang Development Corporation, chargée d'amener Penang au premier rang du développement économique malais, a imaginé Penang en cité vibrante et novatrice. Outre la construction industrielle, le tourisme est encouragé en tant que principal pilier économique. En conséquence, les thèmes Culture, Patrimoine, Mer et soleil, Aventure/Nature et Agro‐tourisme ont été choisis; des lieux attractifs ont été récupérés et adaptés de manière stratégique en fonction de ces thèmes. Sur chacun de ces sites thématiques, des symboles et signes facilitent la consommation du paysage, entretenue par une atmosphère festive à la hauteur des espérances des touristes. Les visiteurs peuvent aussi consommer en toute sécurité des plages exotiques, ‘protégées’ des populations locales. En effet, la vision de Penang en a exclu les habitants, dont les paysages vécus ont été ignorés au profit d'images consommées aisément par les touristes. Les Penangais se sont regroupés contre le Programme de conservation qui, selon eux, favorise le tourisme. Ils veulent défendre leurs droits à l'entretien de la voirie et à l'usage des lieux publics tels que la plage de Batu Ferringhi. L'article illustre la contestation qui naît lorsque des lieux sont banalisés selon quelques caractéristiques identifiables et commercialisables, mais dépourvues du cadre socio‐spatial à partir duquel ils se sont développés.

Suggested Citation

  • Peggy Teo, 2003. "Limits of imagineering: a case study of Penang," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(3), pages 545-563, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:27:y:2003:i:3:p:545-563
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00466
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    Cited by:

    1. Brenda S. A. Yeoh, 2005. "The Global Cultural City? Spatial Imagineering and Politics in the (Multi)cultural Marketplaces of South-east Asia," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 42(5-6), pages 945-958, May.
    2. Hooi Hooi Lean & Russell Smyth, 2006. "Asian Financial Crisis, Avian Flu And Terrorist Threats: Are Shocks To Malaysian Tourist Arrivals Permanent Or Transitory?," Monash Economics Working Papers 11/06, Monash University, Department of Economics.
    3. Albert S. Fu & Martin J. Murray, 2014. "Glorified Fantasies and Masterpieces of Deception on Importing Las Vegas into the ‘New South Africa’," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(3), pages 843-863, May.
    4. Cheng-Yi Lin & Woan-Chiau Hsing, 2009. "Culture-led Urban Regeneration and Community Mobilisation: The Case of the Taipei Bao-an Temple Area, Taiwan," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(7), pages 1317-1342, June.
    5. Teresa Brzezińska-Wójcik, 2024. "Geocultural Heritage as a Basis for Themed GeoTown—The “Józefów StoneTown” Model in the Roztocze Region (SE Poland)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-29, January.
    6. Miguel Kanai & Iliana Ortega‐Alcázar, 2009. "The Prospects for Progressive Culture‐Led Urban Regeneration in Latin America: Cases from Mexico City and Buenos Aires," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 483-501, June.
    7. Nils Hertting & Catharina Thörn & Mats Franzén, 2022. "NORMALIZING URBAN ENTREPRENEURIALISM THROUGH SLY DE‐POLITICIZATION: City Centre Development in Gothenburg and Stockholm," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(2), pages 253-268, March.

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