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Maquiladora industrialization of the Baja California peninsula: the coexistence of thick and thin globalization with economic regionalism

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  • Kathryn Kopinak

Abstract

This article assesses the shape of industrial growth at the western end of the US‐Mexican border, analysing the degree to which globalization has diminished and/or restructured this international division. Baja California's connection to external economies is highly variable in tourism, agribusiness and export processing, with electronic maquiladoras clustering and garment production fragmenting. Most recently, dynamism has been driven by Asian investors meeting NAFTA deadlines, and impeded by recession and increased border security. The polarizing effect of globalization is demonstrated by the unprecedented emergence of a powerful group of Mexican‐state and private‐sector technocrats, at the expense of the majority of workers whose jobs remain poor. The state government has facilitated the development of capital intensive electronics industries, has neglected small and medium domestic suppliers, and been unable to provide public security. Low extensity, or the concentration of maquiladoras in an east‐west corridor adjacent to the border, and the location of most of their owners in Southern California, indicates the strongly regional character of the maquiladora economy. However, a small number of very large capital intensive plants originate in Asia, contributing to globalization via intercontinental linkages. The findings support transformationalist and sceptical models of globalization. L'article évalue la forme de croissance industrielle à l'extrémité occidentale de la frontière américano‐mexicaine, en analysant dans quelle mesure la mondialisation a atténué et/ou restructuré cette séparation internationale. La péninsule de Basse Californie est reliée de façon très variable aux économies extérieures, par le tourisme, l'agro‐industrie et la transformation à l'exportation, avec un regroupement de maquiladoras d'électronique et une fragmentation de la production vestimentaire. Plus récemment, si le dynamisme est venu d'investisseurs asiatiques en des échéances de l'ALENA, il a été entravé par la récession et une sécurité frontalière accrue. L'effet polarisant de la mondialisation est réävélé par l'émergence d'un puissant groupe de technocrates du secteur privé et de lÉtat mexicain, aux dépens de la majorité des salariés dont les emplois restent médiocres. Négligeant les petits et moyens fournisseurs nationaux, le gouvernement a facilité l'essor de secteurs capitalistiques de l'électronique, tout en se montrant incapable d'assurer la sécurité publique. La faible extensibilité ou la concentration des maquiladoras sur une bande Est‐Ouest longeant la frontière, ainsi que l'implantation de la plupart de leur propriétaire dans le sud de la Californie, marquent le caractère fortement régional de ce type d'économie. Toutefois, un petit nombre de très grosses usines capitalistiques viennent d'Asie, contribuant à la mondialisation via des liens intercontinentaux. Les résultats corroborent les modèles de transformation et sceptique de la mondialisation.

Suggested Citation

  • Kathryn Kopinak, 2003. "Maquiladora industrialization of the Baja California peninsula: the coexistence of thick and thin globalization with economic regionalism," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(2), pages 319-336, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:27:y:2003:i:2:p:319-336
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00450
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    Cited by:

    1. SOHN Christophe, 2012. "La frontière comme ressource dans l'espace urbain globalisé. Une contribution à l'hypothèse de la métropole transfrontalière," LISER Working Paper Series 2012-25, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER).
    2. Zeus Guevara & Oscar Córdoba & Edith X. M. García & Rafael Bouchain, 2017. "The Status and Evolution of Energy Supply and Use in Mexico Prior to the 2014 Energy Reform: An Input-Output Approach †," Economies, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-17, March.
    3. repec:irs:cepswp:12-25 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Christophe Sohn, 2014. "The Border as a Resource in the Global Urban Space: A Contribution to the Cross-Border Metropolis Hypothesis," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(5), pages 1697-1711, September.

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