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Plural Cities and Ethnic Enclaves: Introducing a Measurement Procedure for Comparative Study

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  • Michael Poulsen
  • Ron Johnson
  • James Forrest

Abstract

World cities attract two major streams of migrants – those who occupy the upper levels of their occupational hierarchies (the ‘globalized professionals’) on the one hand and marginalized, low–skill workers on the other. These two groups are often of different ethnic status, and it is argued that multicultural world cities are thus fractured in both their labour and housing markets along ethnic as well as economic lines. There has been little formal testing of these ideas, however. In this introductory article we introduce a method that can be used for comparative studies of residential fragmentation – an index of residential concentration – and apply it to three cities which have experienced rapid, multiethnic immigration in recent decades (New York, Sydney and Auckland). The patterns displayed indicate much greater fragmentation in New York than in the other two cities, suggesting that the ‘conventional wisdom’ regarding ethnic residential patterns may over–emphasize ‘American exceptionalism’. Les villes mondiales attirent deux grands flux de migrants: ceux qui occupent les niveaux supérieurs de leurs hiérarchies professionnelles (les ‘experts mondialisés’) d’une part, et les travailleurs peu qualifiés et marginalisés, de l’autre; ces deux groupes sont souvent de statut ethnique différent. De ce fait, ces grandes villes multiculturelles subissent, dit–on, une fracture de leurs marchés du travail et du logement selon des critères à la fois ethniques et économiques – affirmations qui ont rarement été mises à l’épreuve. Cet article introductif présente une méthode utilisable dans des études comparatives de fragmentation résidentielle – indice de concentration résidentielle – en l’appliquant à trois villes ayant connu une rapide immigration multiethnique au cours des dernières décennies (New York, Sydney et Auckland). Les modèles obtenus indiquent une fragmentation bien plus importante à New York que dans les deux autres villes, suggérant que la ‘croyance populaire’à l’égard des schémas résidentiels ethniques surestime peut–être ‘l’exception américaine’.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Poulsen & Ron Johnson & James Forrest, 2002. "Plural Cities and Ethnic Enclaves: Introducing a Measurement Procedure for Comparative Study," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(2), pages 229-243, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:26:y:2002:i:2:p:229-243
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00377
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Seong-Yun Hong & Yukio Sadahiro, 2014. "Measuring geographic segregation: a graph-based approach," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 211-231, April.
    2. Ian G Shuttleworth & Christopher D Lloyd, 2009. "Are Northern Ireland's Communities Dividing? Evidence from Geographically Consistent Census of Population Data, 1971–2001," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 41(1), pages 213-229, January.
    3. Ron Johnston & Simon Burgess & Deborah Wilson & Richard Harris, 2006. "School and Residential Ethnic Segregation: An Analysis of Variations across England's Local Education Authorities," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(9), pages 973-990.
    4. Ron Johnston & David Voas, 2003. "Measuring Spatial Concentration: The Use of Threshold Profiles," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 30(1), pages 3-14, February.
    5. Natera-Rivas Juan Jose & Larrubia-Vargas Remedios & Navarro-Rodríguez Susana, 2021. "Description of the Intramunicipal Habitat with Significant Concentrations of Foreign Population. The Case of the Province of Málaga (Spain)," Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, Sciendo, vol. 52(52), pages 39-58, June.
    6. Ronald Kwon & Brigitte Flores & Haydee Yonamine, 2018. "Spatial Segregation and the Impact of Linguistic Multicultural Policies Within the USA," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 213-232, May.
    7. Ron Johnston & Michael Poulsen & James Forrest, 2005. "On the Measurement and Meaning of Residential Segregation: A Response to Simpson," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 42(7), pages 1221-1227, June.
    8. Simon Burgess & Ron Johnston & Deborah Wilson, 2003. "School segregation in multi-ethnic England," The Centre for Market and Public Organisation 03/092, The Centre for Market and Public Organisation, University of Bristol, UK.
    9. Graham Moon & Ross Barnett & Jamie Pearce, 2010. "Ethnic Spatial Segregation and Tobacco Consumption: A Multilevel Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis of Smoking Prevalence in Urban New Zealand, 1981–1996," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 42(2), pages 469-486, February.
    10. Ron Johnston & Michael Poulsen & James Forrest, 2008. "Back to Basics: A Response to Watts," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 40(9), pages 2037-2041, September.
    11. Martin J Watts, 2008. "Ethnic Residential Segregation: Some Comments on a Commentary," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 40(9), pages 2031-2036, September.
    12. Joana Barros & Flavia F Feitosa, 2018. "Uneven geographies: Exploring the sensitivity of spatial indices of residential segregation," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 45(6), pages 1073-1089, November.
    13. I. G. Shuttleworth & C. D. Lloyd & D. J. Martin, 2011. "Exploring the implications of changing census output geographies for the measurement of residential segregation: the example of Northern Ireland 1991–2001," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 174(1), pages 1-16, January.
    14. Richard Harris & Ron Johnston, 2003. "Spatial Scale and Neighbourhood Regeneration in England: A Case Study of Avon," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 21(5), pages 651-662, October.
    15. Hezi Yizhaq & Boris A Portnov & Ehud Meron, 2004. "A Mathematical Model of Segregation Patterns in Residential Neighbourhoods," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 36(1), pages 149-172, January.
    16. Andrey Vinokurov & Edison J. Trickett & Dina Birman, 2020. "The Effect of Ethnic Community on Acculturation and Cultural Adaptation: the Case of Russian-Speaking Older Adults," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 1057-1081, December.
    17. Oksana Starchenko & Evelyn J Peters, 2008. "Aboriginal Settlement Patterns in Canadian Cities: Does the Classic Index-Based Approach Apply?," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 40(3), pages 676-695, March.

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