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‘Fourth World’ Cities in the Global Economy: The Case of Phnom Penh, Cambodia

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  • Gavin Shatkin

Abstract

While globalization is often perceived to present opportunities for developing countries as a result of the relocation of industry and the development of a new international division of labor, the least developed countries (LDCs) have for the most part experienced declining shares of global trade and investment. This has led some to characterize such ‘fourth world’ countries as ‘structurally irrelevant’ to global capital accumulation, and to infer that patterns of urbanization in LDCs are largely unaffected by globalization. Yet a number of aspects of the global economy have important implications for cities in LDCs, including increased international economic interaction, rapid technological change, changes in regional economies, and the increased influence of transnational organizations. This paper explores the impact of these phenomena in the context of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, a city in an LDC that has experienced major socio‐economic and spatial change as a result of increased interaction with the global economy. Bien qu’il soit souvent présumé que la globalisation offre aux pays en voie de développement des opportunités provenant d’un transfer de l’industrie et du développement d’une nouvelle division internationale du travail, le commerce et l’investissement globaux sont en déclin dans la plupart des pays les moins développés. Certains analystes en ont déduit que de tels pays du ‘Quatrième Monde’ n’ont ‘structurellement aucun rapport’ avec l’accumulation globale du capital, et que les modèles d’urbanisation de ces pays sont peu touchés par la globalisation. Néanmoins certains aspects de cette globalisation ont des implications importantes pour les villes dans les pays les moins développés, y compris une interaction économique internationale accrue, des changements technologiques rapides, des changements dans les économies régionales, et l’influence grandissante des organisations transnationales. Cet article discute l’effet de ces phénomènes dans le contexte de Pnom Penh au Cambodge, une ville d’un pays les moins développés qui a éprouvé des changements sociaux et économiques majeurs produits par une interaction croissante avec l’économie globale.

Suggested Citation

  • Gavin Shatkin, 1998. "‘Fourth World’ Cities in the Global Economy: The Case of Phnom Penh, Cambodia," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(3), pages 378-393, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:22:y:1998:i:3:p:378-393
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00147
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    Cited by:

    1. Richard Grant, 2001. "Liberalization Policies and Foreign Companies in Accra, Ghana," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 33(6), pages 997-1014, June.
    2. Erin Collins, 2021. "OF CROWDED HISTORIES AND URBAN THEORY: A Feminist Critique of Temporal Closure and Patrimonial Claims to the Urban," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(4), pages 612-629, July.
    3. Willem Paling, 2012. "Planning a Future for Phnom Penh: Mega Projects, Aid Dependence and Disjointed Governance," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 49(13), pages 2889-2912, October.
    4. Adèle Esposito & Gabriel Fauveaud, 2019. "The atomization of heritage politics in post-colonial cities: The case of Phnom Penh, Cambodia," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 37(4), pages 670-688, June.
    5. Erin Collins, 2016. "Postsocialist informality: The making of owners, squatters and state rule in Phnom Penh, Cambodia (1989–1993)," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 48(12), pages 2367-2382, December.

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