Dimensions of performance and related key performance indicators addressed in healthcare organisations: A literature review

Introduction Performance measurement systems have become essential managerial tools for healthcare organisations in the last few decades. They allow hospital managers to pilot their institution and assess the development of the organisation in helping managers in decision‐making and viewing the different impacts of these decisions. However, there is a need to investigate further the dimensions of performance those performance measurement systems address. Methods A literature review was primarily conduced about performance measures in healthcare organisations. A comparative study was secondly made to identify the different performance dimensions that are present in the literature during the last decade. Forty‐nine studies were considered and sixteen proposal frameworks were used to make the comparative analyses. Results We classified dimensions depending on the frequency of mobilisation of their components in four categories: the stars, the first runners‐up, the opportunists and the forgotten ones. For each of the dimensions presented in this classification, the main types of KPIs proposed in the theoretical frameworks are presented. A discussion on relevance and possible blind spots is then conducted. Conclusion Although they were a lot of proposal frameworks of KPI proposed in the last decades to assess healthcare organisations, some dimensions remain underrepresented. There is still a need to develop structure KPI and describe their links. To go further, the development of dashboards asks the question of the definition of KPI, the description of their interconnections and their temporality of driving, because static performance reporting systems are not able to completely satisfy healthcare manager's decision support needs.