Decentralisation and health services delivery in Tanzania: Analysis of decision space in planning, allocation, and use of financial resources

While decentralisation of health systems has been on the policy agenda in low‐income and middle‐income countries since the 1970s, many studies have focused on understanding who has more decision‐making powers but less attention is paid to understand what those powers encompass. Using the decision space approach, this study aimed to understand the amount of decision‐making space transferred from the central government to institutions at the periphery in the decentralised health system in Tanzania. The findings of this study indicated that the decentralisation process in Tanzania has provided authorities with a range of decision‐making space. In the areas of priority setting and planning, district health authorities had moderate decision space. However, in the financial resource allocation and expenditure of funds from the central government, the districts had narrow decision‐making space. The districts, nevertheless, had wider decision‐making space in mobilising and using locally generated financial resources. However, the ability of the districts to allocate and use locally generated resources was constrained by bureaucratic procedures of the central government. The study concludes that decentralisation by devolution which is being promoted in the policy documents in Tanzania is yet to be realised at the district and local levels. The study recommends that the central government should provide more space to the decentralised district health systems to incorporate locally defined priorities in the district health plans.