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Drivers behind widespread informal payments in the Romanian public health care system: From tolerance to corruption to socio‐economic and spatial patterns

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  • Adrian V. Horodnic
  • Sorin Mazilu
  • Liviu Oprea

Abstract

In order to explain informal payments in public health care services in Romania, this paper evaluates the relationship between extra payments or valuable gifts (apart from official fees) and the level of tolerance to corruption, as well as the socio‐economic and spatial patterns across those individuals offering informal payments. To evaluate this, a survey undertaken in 2013 is reported. Using logistic regression analysis, the findings are that patients with a high tolerance to corruption, high socio‐economic risk (those divorced, separated, or with other form of marital status, and those not working), and located in rural or less affluent areas are more likely to offer (apart from official fees) extra payments or valuable gifts for health care services. The paper concludes by discussing the health policy implications.

Suggested Citation

  • Adrian V. Horodnic & Sorin Mazilu & Liviu Oprea, 2018. "Drivers behind widespread informal payments in the Romanian public health care system: From tolerance to corruption to socio‐economic and spatial patterns," International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 597-611, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijhplm:v:33:y:2018:i:2:p:e597-e611
    DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2509
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    Cited by:

    1. Cristian Incaltarau & Adrian V. Horodnic & Colin C. Williams & Liviu Oprea, 2021. "Institutional Determinants of Informal Payments for Health Services: An Exploratory Analysis across 117 Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-19, November.
    2. Elisabetta Reginato & Isabella Fadda & Paola Paglietti & Aldo Pavan, 2021. "Informal Payments and Performance in the Health Care Sector: Possible Relationships in a Sub-National Perspective," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 15(3), pages 126-126, July.
    3. Ioana Alexandra Horodnic & Colin C. Williams & Alexandru Maxim & Iuliana Claudia Stoian & Oana Carmen Țugulea & Adrian V. Horodnic, 2021. "Knowing and Unknowing Purchases of Undeclared Healthcare Goods and Services: The Role of Vertical and Horizontal Trust," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-14, November.
    4. Adrian V. Horodnic & Colin C. Williams & Răzvan Ionuț Drugă & Cristian Incaltarau, 2021. "Informal Payments by Patients in Central and Eastern Europe during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Institutional Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-17, October.
    5. repec:aud:audfin:v:21:y:2019:i:50:p:60 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Ioana Alexandra Horodnic & Colin C. Williams & Adriana Manolică & Cristina Teodora Roman & Gabriela Boldureanu, 2023. "Employer perspectives on undeclared work in the service sector: impacts and policy responses," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(5-6), pages 358-377, April.
    7. Gheorghe Epuran & Claudia-Ioana Ciobanu & Adrian V. Horodnic & Gheorghe Epuran & Claudia-Ioana Ciobanu & Adrian V. Horodnic, 2019. "Green Jobs Creation – Main Element in the Implementation of Bioeconomic Mechanisms," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 21(50), pages 1-60, February.
    8. Ehsan Zarei & Adeleh Nikkhah & Soheila Khodakarim & Milena Pavlova, 2021. "Patients' attitude toward informal payments in Iran: an application of the cluster analysis method," International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(3), pages 689-702, May.
    9. Cernat, Vasile, 2024. "Organizational corruption, test score manipulation, and teacher hiring in Romania," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    10. Wei Zhao & Qianqian Ben Liu & Xitong Guo & Tianshi Wu & Subodha Kumar, 2022. "Quid pro quo in online medical consultation? Investigating the effects of small monetary gifts from patients," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(4), pages 1698-1718, April.

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