An “Orphan†Creative Industry: Exploring the Institutional Factors Constraining the Canadian Fashion Industry

In recent years, tier†two fashion countries have been making gains in the global fashion industry, with hip young brands, buzz†worthy fashion weeks and export†oriented designers. The Canadian fashion industry, on the other hand, continues to fall behind and instead has experienced recent high†profile closures of leading domestic fashion names. This paper explores why this is the case by considering a wide range of factors from a historical and institutional perspective. We argue that Canadian fashion is facing a number of systemic problems relating to wider institutional and policy weaknesses, rather than a lack of talent and know†how within the entrepreneurs and businesses in the sector. While the fashion industry is indeed global, we argue that it is in fact national and local level factors—political, economic, and cultural—that structure and constrain the Canadian fashion industry for independent designers. Through exploring the experiences of this group of actors—entrepreneurial fashion designers—in this particular context, we not only learn about Canada as an economy but also what is needed in order to develop the fashion industry more broadly. We provide a framework for analysing the range of socio†economic, historical, and political factors at the national level which affect the performance of the fashion sector and the operation of fashion designers as the entrepreneurial actors at the heart of the industry.