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Climate for Scandal: Corporate Environments that Contribute to Accounting Fraud

Author

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  • Claire E. Crutchley
  • Marlin R. H. Jensen
  • Beverly B. Marshall

Abstract

We examine the governance characteristics, earnings quality, growth rates, dividend policy, and compensation structure of 97 firms recently under investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for accounting fraud. Our results show that the corporate environment most likely to lead to an accounting scandal manifests significant growth and accounting practices that are already pushing the envelope of earnings smoothing. Firms operating in this environment seem more likely to tip over the edge into fraud if there are fewer outsiders on the audit committee and outside directors appear overcommitted.

Suggested Citation

  • Claire E. Crutchley & Marlin R. H. Jensen & Beverly B. Marshall, 2007. "Climate for Scandal: Corporate Environments that Contribute to Accounting Fraud," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 42(1), pages 53-73, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:finrev:v:42:y:2007:i:1:p:53-73
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6288.2007.00161.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Pulina, Manuela & Paba, Antonello, 2010. "A discrete choice approach to model credit card fraud," MPRA Paper 20019, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Zou, Na, 2020. "Anticorruption efforts and corporate fraud," VfS Annual Conference 2020 (Virtual Conference): Gender Economics 224619, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    3. Yoke Yue Kan, 2018. "Capital market offenses in Malaysia," Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 10(2), pages 171-188, May.
    4. Tiago Cardao-Pito, 2021. "An embezzler test for norms, standards and regulations," Journal of Financial Crime, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 29(3), pages 878-889, August.
    5. Jian Zhang, 2018. "Public Governance and Corporate Fraud: Evidence from the Recent Anti-corruption Campaign in China," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 148(2), pages 375-396, March.
    6. Hee Sub Byun & Woojin Kim & Eun Jung Lee & Kyung Suh Park, 2019. "When and Why Do Takeovers Lead to Fraud?," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 48(1), pages 45-76, March.
    7. Zhang, Jian & Wang, Jialong & Kong, Dongmin, 2020. "Employee treatment and corporate fraud," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 325-334.
    8. Dongmin Kong & Junyi Xiang & Jian Zhang & Yiyang Lu, 2019. "Politically connected independent directors and corporate fraud in China," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 58(5), pages 1347-1383, March.
    9. Abdul‐Rahman Khokhar & Hesam Shahriari, 2022. "Is the SEC captured? Evidence from political connectedness and SEC enforcement actions," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(2), pages 2725-2756, June.
    10. Ikhlas Hentati-Klila & Saida Dammak-Barkallah & Habib Affes, 2017. "Do auditors’ perceptions actually help fight against fraudulent practices? Evidence from Tunisia," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 21(3), pages 715-735, September.
    11. Jean J. Chen & Haitao Zhang, 2014. "The Impact of the Corporate Governance Code on Earnings Management – Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 20(3), pages 596-632, June.
    12. Mitrendu Narayan Roy & Siddhartha Sankar Saha, 2016. "Statutory Auditors’ Independence in India: An Empirical Analysis from the Stakeholders’ Interest Perspective," Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, , vol. 41(1), pages 28-50, March.
    13. Aigbe Akhigbe & Anna D. Martin & Melinda L. Newman, 2010. "Information Asymmetry Determinants of Sarbanes‐Oxley Wealth Effects," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 39(3), pages 1253-1272, September.
    14. Yao, Shouyu & Zhao, Weijia & Sensoy, Ahmet & Cheng, Feiyang & Goodell, John W., 2021. "The dark side of marital leadership: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    15. Shantaram Hegde & Tingyu Zhou, 2019. "Predicting Accounting Misconduct: The Role of Firm-Level Investor Optimism," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 160(2), pages 535-562, December.
    16. Laura Baselga-Pascual & Antonio Trujillo-Ponce & Emilia Vähämaa & Sami Vähämaa, 2018. "Ethical Reputation of Financial Institutions: Do Board Characteristics Matter?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 148(3), pages 489-510, March.
    17. Abdul Ghafoor & Rozaimah Zainudin & Nurul Shahnaz Mahdzan, 2019. "Factors Eliciting Corporate Fraud in Emerging Markets: Case of Firms Subject to Enforcement Actions in Malaysia," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 160(2), pages 587-608, December.
    18. Irena Hutton & Danling Jiang & Alok Kumar, 2015. "Political Values, Culture, and Corporate Litigation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 61(12), pages 2905-2925, December.
    19. Nancy Harp & Mark Myring & Rebecca Shortridge, 2014. "Do Variations in the Strength of Corporate Governance Still Matter? A Comparison of the Pre- and Post-Regulation Environment," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 122(3), pages 361-373, July.
    20. Wang, Tracy Yue & Winton, Andrew, 2021. "Industry informational interactions and corporate fraud," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    21. Madan Lal Bhasin, 2016. "Creative Accounting Practices at Satyam Computers Limited: A Case Study of India’s Enron," International Journal of Business and Social Research, MIR Center for Socio-Economic Research, vol. 6(6), pages 24-48, June.
    22. Madan Lal Bhasin, 2016. "Creative Accounting Practices at Satyam Computers Limited: A Case Study of India’s Enron," International Journal of Business and Social Research, LAR Center Press, vol. 6(6), pages 24-48, June.

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