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Why Do European Firms Issue Convertible Debt?

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  • Franck Bancel
  • Usha R. Mittoo

Abstract

We survey European managers to gain some insights into motivations of convertible issuance. Our analysis shows that a majority of firms issue convertibles as ‘delayed equity’ and as ‘debt sweetener’. Managers also use convertibles to avoid short‐term equity dilution and to signal firm's future growth opportunities. We document a large cross‐sectional variation across firms in rationales for issuing convertibles and find mixed support for most theoretical models. Our evidence suggests that the popularity of convertibles is driven primarily by their versatility in adjusting their design to fit the financing needs of individual firms, and by their increased demand among institutional investors.

Suggested Citation

  • Franck Bancel & Usha R. Mittoo, 2004. "Why Do European Firms Issue Convertible Debt?," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 10(2), pages 339-373, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:eufman:v:10:y:2004:i:2:p:339-373
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1354-7798.2004.00253.x
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    1. repec:bla:jfinan:v:59:y:2004:i:1:p:391-405 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Korkeamaki, Timo P., 2005. "Effects of law on corporate financing practices--international evidence from convertible bond issues," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 11(5), pages 809-831, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Max Schreder, 2018. "Volatility forecasting in practice: exploratory evidence from European hedge funds," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(4), pages 245-258, July.
    2. Burlacu, Radu & Jimenez-Garcès, Sonia, 2022. "Why do firms issue callable convertible bonds? A critique of the “backdoor equity financing” theory," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    3. Loncarski, I. & Ter Horst, J.R. & Veld, C.H., 2006. "Why do Companies issue Convertible Bond Loans? An Empirical Analysis for the Canadian Market," Discussion Paper 2006-65, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
    4. Roland Gillet & Hubert De La Bruslerie, 2010. "The Consequences of Issuing Convertible Bonds: Dilution and/or Financial Restructuring?," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 16(4), pages 552-584, September.
    5. Wolfgang Drobetz & Matthias C. Grüninger & Claudia B. Wöhle, 2006. "Warum begeben Unternehmen Wandelanleihen?," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics (SJES), Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics (SSES), vol. 142(III), pages 331-365, September.
    6. A. W. Rathgeber & J. Stadler & S. Stöckl, 2021. "The impact of the leverage effect on the implied volatility smile: evidence for the German option market," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 95-133, July.
    7. Dutordoir, Marie & Merkoulova, Yulia & Veld, Chris, 2022. "How do investors perceive convertible bond issuing decisions?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    8. Dutordoir, Marie & Lewis, Craig & Seward, James & Veld, Chris, 2014. "What we do and do not know about convertible bond financing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 3-20.
    9. Dutordoir, M.D.R.P. & Van de Gucht, L., 2006. "Are There Windows of Opportunity for Convertible Debt Issuance? Evidence for Western Europe," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2006-055-F&A, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    10. Adoukonou, Olivier & André, Florence & Viviani, Jean-Laurent, 2021. "The determinants of the convertible bonds call policy of Western European companies," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    11. Ammann, Manuel & Fehr, Martin & Seiz, Ralf, 2006. "New evidence on the announcement effect of convertible and exchangeable bonds," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 43-63, February.
    12. Kaushik Basu, 2015. "Market Imperfections and Optimal Capital Structure: Evidence from Indian Panel Data," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 16(1), pages 61-83, February.
    13. Christian Koziol, 2010. "Impact of Imperfect Information on the Optimal Exercise Strategy for Warrants," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 16(3), pages 374-399, June.
    14. Dutordoir, Marie & Strong, Norman & Ziegan, Marius C., 2014. "Does corporate governance influence convertible bond issuance?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 80-100.
    15. Akdoğu, Evrim & Alp Paukowits, Aysun & Celikyurt, Ugur, 2020. "The relationship of G-Index and convertible debt issuance in the presence of restrictive covenants," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 373-390.
    16. Marie Dutordoir & Linda Van de Gucht, 2009. "Why Do Western European Firms Issue Convertibles Instead of Straight Debt or Equity?," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 15(3), pages 563-583, June.
    17. Dong, Ming & Dutordoir, Marie & Veld, Chris, 2019. "How can we improve inferences from surveys? A new look at the convertible debt questions from the Graham and Harvey survey data," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 213-222.
    18. Dutordoir, Marie & Van de Gucht, Linda, 2007. "Are there windows of opportunity for convertible debt issuance? Evidence for Western Europe," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(9), pages 2828-2846, September.
    19. Diaw, Abdou & Bacha, Obiyathulla Ismath & Lahsasna, Ahcene, 2012. "Incentive-Compatible Sukuk Musharakah for Private Sector Funding," MPRA Paper 46009, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Mohamed, Hisham Hanifa & Masih, Mansur & Bacha, Obiyathulla I., 2015. "Why do issuers issue Sukuk or conventional bond? Evidence from Malaysian listed firms using partial adjustment models," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 233-252.

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