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Social Movements and Ecological Modernization: The Transformation of Pulp and Paper Manufacturing

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  • David A. Sonnenfeld

Abstract

Ecological modernization theory posits that social movements play a central role in the environmental transformation of contemporary society. How they do so has received limited scholarly attention. This article seeks to reduce this thesis to a number of propositions which are then examined in light of the experience of the pulp and paper industry in the 1980s and 1990s. Drawing on field research and interviews in Southeast Asia, Australia and the United States, as well as available data, the study finds that social movements were instrumental in the environmental transformation of the pulp industry, with important differences between North and South. It concludes with a call for more nuanced studies of the influence of social movements on different sectors and countries, especially in newly industrializing countries where more tenuous and dependent forms of ecological modernization may be emerging.

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  • David A. Sonnenfeld, 2002. "Social Movements and Ecological Modernization: The Transformation of Pulp and Paper Manufacturing," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 33(1), pages 1-27, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:devchg:v:33:y:2002:i:1:p:1-27
    DOI: 10.1111/1467-7660.00238
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    Cited by:

    1. Benjamin Van Rooij & Gerald E. Fryxell & Carlos Wing‐Hung Lo & Wei Wang, 2013. "From support to pressure: The dynamics of social and governmental influences on environmental law enforcement in Guangzhou City, China," Regulation & Governance, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 7(3), pages 321-347, September.
    2. Wendy E Jepson & Christian Brannstrom & Renato Stancato de Souza, 2005. "A Case of Contested Ecological Modernisation: The Governance of Genetically Modified Crops in Brazil," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 23(2), pages 295-310, April.
    3. Healy, Hali, 2023. "Pulp and participation: Assessing the legitimacy of participatory environmental governance in Umkomaas, South Africa," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    4. Rachel Bouvier, 2009. "Determinants of Environmental Performance," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 23(2), pages 111-126, May.
    5. Clive Barnett & Dianne Scott, 2007. "Spaces of Opposition: Activism and Deliberation in Post-Apartheid Environmental Politics," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 39(11), pages 2612-2631, November.
    6. Rachel Bouvier, 2010. "The Natural Environment as Field-Level Actor: The Environment and the Pulp and Paper Industry in Maine," Journal of Economic Issues, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(3), pages 717-735.
    7. David A. Sonnenfeld & Arthur P.J. Mol, 2010. "Urban and Industrial Environmental Reform in Southeast Asia," Chapters, in: Rajah Rasiah & Johannes Dragsbaek Schmidt (ed.), The New Political Economy of Southeast Asia, chapter 6, Edward Elgar Publishing.

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