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If You Can Measure It, You Can Manage It: A Case of Intellectual Capital

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  • Muhammad Nadeem
  • John Dumay
  • Maurizio Massaro

Abstract

Despite the great importance attributed to intellectual capital (IC) in the past two decades or so, its measurement and management have remained elusive, mainly because of inappropriate prior models of IC measurement. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to make adjustments to an existing model, the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC), and to present an adjusted‐VAIC model to measure IC. We tested our new model on data from 10 emerging and developed world markets and obtained more consistent results than prior studies. Our results indicate a significant positive relationship between IC and its components (human, innovation and physical capitals) and firm performance. Therefore, the adjusted‐VAIC model can be used with confidence to measure IC. Our study has important implications for both academia and industry concerning the measurement of IC.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Nadeem & John Dumay & Maurizio Massaro, 2019. "If You Can Measure It, You Can Manage It: A Case of Intellectual Capital," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 29(2), pages 395-407, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:ausact:v:29:y:2019:i:2:p:395-407
    DOI: 10.1111/auar.12227
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    Cited by:

    1. Shawn Ho & Baljit K. Sidhu & Fan Yang, 2023. "The response of Australian firms to AASB 138 disallowing the recognition of internally generated identifiable intangibles," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(3), pages 3609-3641, September.
    2. Jan POLCYN & Viktoriia VOVK, 2023. "Value Added Intellectual Capital In It Companies In Poland - Case Study," Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, Faculty of Sciences, "1 Decembrie 1918" University, Alba Iulia, vol. 2(25), pages 1-23.
    3. Lujing Liu & Jiyue Zhang & Jian Xu & Yiqun Wang, 2022. "Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Chinese Manufacturing SMEs: An Analysis from the Perspective of Different Industry Types," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Evgeny V. Popov & Wadim Strielkowski & Maksim V. Vlasov, 2020. "Digitalization of intellectual activity in Russian regions," Upravlenets, Ural State University of Economics, vol. 11(1), pages 24-32, March.
    5. Pearl Abredu & Cai Li & Frank Kofi Essien & Isaiah Agbenu Akanbi Adegoke, 2023. "Unleashing Potential: Overcoming Bottlenecks and Catalyzing Innovations in Intellectual Capital Intellectualization of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Jiangsu During the Post-Industrial Era," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, December.
    6. Jan Polcyn, 2022. "Determining Value Added Intellectual Capital (VAIC) Using the TOPSIS-CRITIC Method in Small and Medium-Sized Farms in Selected European Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20, March.
    7. Ummu Salma Al-Azizah & Bagus Pamungkas Wibowo, 2023. "Impact of Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance: Panel Evidence from Banking Industry in Indonesia," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 5, pages 51-65.
    8. Muhammad Nadeem & Stephen Bahadar & Rashid Zaman & Muhammad Bilal Farooq, 2021. "Does organisational capital influence environmental strategies? Evidence from environmental innovation," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(8), pages 4121-4135, December.
    9. Noor Sharida Badri Shah & Roslan Ja’afar, 2024. "Unveiling the Nexus Between Intellectual Capital Efficiency and Financial Performance in Malaysia's Healthcare Sector Amidst the Covid-19 Crisis," Information Management and Business Review, AMH International, vol. 16(1), pages 262-273.
    10. Nadeem, Muhammad & Zaman, Rashid & Suleman, Tahir & Atawnah, Nader, 2021. "CEO ability, career concerns, firms’ lifecycle and investments in intellectual capital," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 237-251.
    11. Jian Xu & Muhammad Haris & Hongxing Yao, 2019. "Should Listed Banks Be Concerned with Intellectual Capital in Emerging Asian Markets? A Comparison between China and Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-23, November.
    12. Jian Xu & Yue Shang & Weizhen Yu & Feng Liu, 2019. "Intellectual Capital, Technological Innovation and Firm Performance: Evidence from China’s Manufacturing Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-16, September.
    13. Ahmed Jinjiri Bala & Aminu Hassan & Kabiru Isa Dandago & Attahir Babaji Abubakar & Zaharaddeen Salisu Maigoshi, 2021. "On the relationship between intellectual capital efficiency and firm value: evidence from the Nigerian oil and gas downstream sector," International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 18(3), pages 222-251.
    14. Gianluca Ginesti & Mario Ossorio, 2021. "The influence of family-related factors on intellectual capital performance in family businesses," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 25(2), pages 535-560, June.
    15. Kristof Van Criekingen & Carter Bloch & Carita Eklund, 2022. "Measuring intangible assets—A review of the state of the art," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(5), pages 1539-1558, December.
    16. Andrés Camacho, 2020. "The role of science-oriented workers on innovation: the case of the accommodation industry in Colombia," Documentos de Trabajo UEC 19547, Universidad Externado de Colombia.
    17. Md. Sohel Rana & Syed Zabid Hossain, 2023. "Intellectual Capital, Firm Performance, and Sustainable Growth: A Study on DSE-Listed Nonfinancial Companies in Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-23, April.

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