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Accounting for Gender Equality in Secondary School Enrollment in Africa

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  • John C. Anyanwu

Abstract

type="main" xml:lang="en"> In addition to analyzing the characteristics of gender equality in secondary education enrollment in Africa, this paper empirically studies the key drivers of gender equality in secondary education enrollment, using cross-sectional time series data from 1970 to 2010. Our results show that the coefficient associated with the level of real GDP per capita is positive and statistically significant in both the overall Africa sample and in the sub-Saharan and North African samples. But the quadratic term of real GDP per capita is negative in sign and significant in the overall Africa and sub-Saharan African estimates. These provide evidence of a hump-shaped relationship between real GDP per capita and gender equality in secondary education enrollment in Africa. Our results also suggest that higher share of female teachers in secondary schools, increased democracy (at a decreasing rate), higher female share of the labor force, Christian dominance in a country, higher domestic investment rate, and being an oil-exporting country increase gender equality in secondary education enrollment in the continent. However, higher population growth tends to lower it. The policy implications and lessons of these results are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • John C. Anyanwu, 2016. "Accounting for Gender Equality in Secondary School Enrollment in Africa," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 28(2), pages 170-191, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:afrdev:v:28:y:2016:i:2:p:170-191
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    Cited by:

    1. Léleng Kebalo & Hamitande Dout & Mawuli K. Couchoro & Stéphane Zouri, 2022. "Intégration – commerciale, budgétaire, financière – régionale et inégalités de revenu dans la Communauté Economique des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO)," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 34(S1), pages 102-116, July.
    2. Juliet U. Elu & Gregory N. Price, 2017. "Science Labor Supply in Sub-Saharan Africa: Is There a Gender Disparity in Preferences?," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 29(3), pages 367-375, September.
    3. Hermann Hegueu Ndoya & Charly Ondobo Tsala, 2021. "What drive gender gap in financial inclusion? Evidence from Cameroon," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 33(4), pages 674-687, December.
    4. Hafsa Batool & Urooj Maqbool & Saba Gulzar, 2024. "Equal Educational Opportunities: A Catalyst for Sustainable Economic Development," Journal of Economic Impact, Science Impact Publishers, vol. 6(1), pages 53-61.
    5. Carolyn Chisadza & Matthew Clance & Thulani Mthembu & Nicky Nicholls & Eleni Yitbarek, 2021. "Online and face‐to‐face learning: Evidence from students’ performance during the Covid‐19 pandemic," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 33(S1), pages 114-125, April.
    6. Issa Dianda & Idrissa Ouedraogo & Jean de dieu Goumbri, 2021. "Closing the Gender Gap in Secondary School Enrolment in sub-Saharan Africa: Does women's political empowerment matter?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 41(2), pages 544-552.
    7. Valérie Bérenger & Audrey Verdier†Chouchane, 2016. "Child Labour and Schooling in South Sudan and Sudan: Is There a Gender Preference?," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 28(S2), pages 177-190, October.
    8. Idrissa Ouedraogo & Henri Ngoa Tabi & Henri Atangana Ondoa, 2020. "Effets de la qualité des institutions sur l'éducation en Afrique," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 32(S1), pages 32-44, November.
    9. Paola Ballon & Jean†Yves Duclos, 2016. "A Comparative Analysis of Multidimensional Poverty in Sudan and South Sudan," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 28(S2), pages 132-161, October.
    10. Oscar David Marcenaro‐Gutierrez & Luis Alejandro Lopez‐Agudo, 2020. "Does Teacher Subject Knowledge Contribute to Student Academic Performance in Developing and Least Developed Countries?," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 88(3), pages 267-297, September.
    11. repec:bla:afrdev:v:29:y:2017:i:s2:p:198-212 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Issa Dianda & Idrissa Ouedraogo & Jean de Dieu Goumbri, 2021. "Closing the Gender Gap in Secondary School Enrolment in sub-Saharan Africa: Does women’s political empowerment matter?," Working Papers of The Association for Promoting Women in Research and Development in Africa (ASPROWORDA). 21/011, The Association for Promoting Women in Research and Development in Africa (ASPROWORDA).

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