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Regional Comparison of Foreign Direct Investment to Africa: Empirical Analysis

Author

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  • John C. Anyanwu
  • Nadège D. Yaméogo

Abstract

type="main" xml:lang="en"> This paper analyzed the factors that drive foreign direct investments (FDI) by looking at regional heterogeneity among the five African regions. For the first time, FDI drivers are analyzed for each of the five regions of Africa contrary to previous studies which focused on Africa as a whole. The paper used a panel dataset from 1970 to 2010 of 53 African countries divided into: Central, East, North, Southern, and West Africa. Ordinary least squares (OLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) techniques are used for the estimations. The main results indicate that: (i) agglomeration has a strong positive relationship with FDI inflows in all the regions except Central Africa. However, in West Africa, the second lag of FDI is significantly negative; (ii) there is a negative relationship between FDI inflows and GDP per capita in all the five regions, but a U-shaped relationship is observed in Central, North, and West Africa. But GDP growth rate has a strongly positive relationship with FDI inflows in Central Africa but negatively significant in West Africa; (iii) FDI follows domestic investment in East, Southern, and West Africa; (iv) democracy is a major factor in attracting FDI to Southern Africa, being upward concave; (v) infrastructure development has a positive impact on FDI inflows in East and North Africa; (vi) trade openness has a positive relationship with FDI inflows in all the five regions except in East Africa; (vii) inflation deters FDI inflows to East Africa; (viii) the level of urbanization has a strong positive relationship with FDI inflows only in West Africa; (ix) net foreign aid has a negative relationship with FDI inflows to East, North, and Southern Africa; (x) higher life expectancy deters FDI inflows to Central Africa but promotes the same to East and North Africa; (xi) metal production and exportation attract significant FDI to Central Africa while oil production and exportation attract higher FDI to West Africa; (xii) monetary union attracts greater FDI to Central and West Africa; and (xiii) political instability is a strong hindrance to FDI inflows to West Africa.

Suggested Citation

  • John C. Anyanwu & Nadège D. Yaméogo, 2015. "Regional Comparison of Foreign Direct Investment to Africa: Empirical Analysis," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 27(4), pages 345-363, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:afrdev:v:27:y:2015:i:4:p:345-363
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    Cited by:

    1. Mehmet Balcilar & Reneé van Eyden & Josine Uwilingiye & Rangan Gupta, 2017. "The Impact of Oil Price on South African GDP Growth: A Bayesian Markov Switching-VAR Analysis," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 29(2), pages 319-336, June.
    2. Michael Adusei, 2016. "Does Entrepreneurship Promote Economic Growth in Africa?," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 28(2), pages 201-214, June.
    3. Jonathan E. Ogbuabor & Anthony Orji & Charles O. Manasseh & Onyinye I. Anthony-Orji, 2020. "Institutional Quality and Growth in West Africa: What Happened after the Great Recession?," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 26(4), pages 343-361, November.
    4. Hidaya Othmani, 2022. "Foreign institutional ownership and bank performance: Evidence from Tunisia," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 34(1), pages 42-53, March.
    5. Christopher Malikane & Prosper Chitambara, 2017. "Foreign Direct Investment, Democracy and Economic Growth in Southern Africa," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 29(1), pages 92-102, March.
    6. Muhammad Naveed Jamil & Dr. Abdul Rasheed, 2023. "Role Of External Finance And Innovation In Achieving Eco-Efficiency And Sustainable Development Goals," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 12(2), pages 339-355.
    7. Olufemi Adewale Aluko, 2020. "The foreign aid–foreign direct investment relationship in Africa: The mediating role of institutional quality and financial development," Economic Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(1), pages 77-84, February.
    8. J. Paul Dunne & Nicholas Masiyandima, 2017. "Bilateral FDI from South Africa and Income Convergence in SADC," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 29(3), pages 403-415, September.
    9. Alemayehu Geda & Addis Yimer, 2024. "What Drives Foreign Direct Investment into Africa? Insights from a New Analytical Classification of Countries as Fragile, Factor-Driven, or Investment-Driven," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(3), pages 14199-14234, September.
    10. Liu, Ailan & Wang, Zhixuan & Zhu, Pengcheng, 2021. "Does informal economy undermine the effects of China’s aid on its outward foreign direct investment?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 315-329.
    11. Amendolagine, Vito & Prota, Francesco, 2021. "Bilateral investment treaties and backward linkages in Sub-Saharan Africa," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 172-185.
    12. Rosemary Stanley Taylor, 2020. "Foreign direct investment and economic growth. Analysis of sectoral foreign direct investment in Tanzania," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 32(4), pages 699-717, December.
    13. Kimiagari, Salman & Mahbobi, Mohammad & Toolsee, Tushika, 2023. "Attracting and retaining FDI: Africa gas and oil sector," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    14. Philip Ifeakachukwu Nwosa & Temidayo Oladiran Akinbobola, 2016. "Capital Inflows and Economic Growth in Nigeria: The Role of Macroeconomic Policies," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 28(3), pages 277-290, September.
    15. Oumarou Zallé & Idrissa M. Ouédraogo, 2021. "Spillover effects of corruption and democracy on territorial attractiveness of foreign direct investment in sub‐Saharan Africa," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 33(4), pages 756-769, December.
    16. Dobdinga Cletus Fonchamnyo & Gildas Dohba Dinga & Vahsegmi Carolle Ngum, 2021. "Revisiting the nexus between domestic investment, foreign direct investment and external debt in SSA countries: PMG‐ARDL approach," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 33(3), pages 479-491, September.
    17. Parfait Bihkongnyuy Beri & Gabila Fohtung Nubong, 2021. "Impact of bilateral investment treaties on foreign direct investment in Africa," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 33(3), pages 439-451, September.
    18. Polyxeni, Kechagia & Theodore, Metaxas, 2019. "An empirical investigation of FDI inflows in developing economies: Terrorism as a determinant factor," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 20(C).
    19. Dieudonné Mignamissi & Bernard Nguekeng, 2022. "Trade openness-industrialization nexus revisited in Africa," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 55(4), pages 2547-2575, November.
    20. Tafadzwa Matiza & Sandra Perks, 2017. "Human Capital Reputation as an Antecedent of Foreign Direct Investment Market Entry in Zimbabwe," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 9(5), pages 185-199.

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