Institutional Political Developments from the Assembly of Durres to the Congress of Lushnja

There are several historical studies on the Congress of Durrës and Congress of Lushnja, but in my opinion further studies should be conducted on the history of political institutions and their political organizing operators as well as their inhibitors. On July 29, 1913 the Great powers declared Albania a Hereditary and Sovereign Autonomous Principality. At the Peace Conference in 1919, Clemenceau and Lloyd defended the thesis of "inability of Albanians to Self Government" and offered the solution of sharing the governance responsibility between Yugoslavia and Italy to implement the Secret Treaty of London on 26 April 1915. The Congress of Durres was held after the conclusion of the First World War. It was led by Mehmet Konica and Myfit Libohova. Delegates elected the interim government and the delegation for representing Albania at the Peace Conference in Paris. The Congress of Lushnja came as an illuminating meteor in the dark and hopeless institutional environment. Its development destroyed the anti-Albanian political intrigues. After they toppled the government of Durres by voting against it, the congress delegates established all the powers of the state, according to the principles of Montesquieu. Through several transparent procedures they established "National Council", "Supreme Council" and the Cabinet. The evidence and acts sources of law served as the legal basis. Influenced by Sami Frashëri they intertwined the historical tradition with the modern political philosophy of constitutional law of Kelzen. The Congress, after re-established the institutions, de jure abolished the international acts that violated the sovereignty and the state became Western-oriented.