Biorefining Technologies in the Global South

The Global South faces a significant challenge in accessing clean and affordable energy due to underdevelopment. However, these regions possess abundant but underutilized biomass resources that can be converted into clean energy and valuable chemicals through bio-refining technologies. These technologies are gaining popularity worldwide as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional petroleum-based industries, presenting viable paths for environmental sustainability, economic growth, and energy security in the Global South. This chapter reviews the bioenergy resources available with their total estimated potentials in the Global South. Savings estimate from improved stoves as well as the estimated number of biorefineries in the global south countries with their installed capacities were highlighted using comparative efficiency analysis. It also examines the socio-economic and environmental impacts of bio-refining activities in the Global South and outlines the way forward. Socioeconomic impacts analysis suggests that enabling policy frameworks, such as renewable energy targets, carbon pricing mechanisms, biofuel mandates, and research grants, are crucial to advancing the adoption and spread of bio-refinery technologies in the Global South. Ultimately, the sustainable development of the Global South through bio-refinery technologies offers opportunities for energy independence, economic diversification, and environmental preservation.