Work-Family Conflict, Emotional Stress, and Mindful Parenting Based on Parents’ Occupational Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia

Background: Work-family is prevalent among working parents. The conflict is associated with various factors including the parental mental health, and stress levels, all of which influence children’s caring and parenting behavior. This study explores the work-family conflict, emotional distress (anxiety and depression symptoms, and parenting stress) of working parents with children. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 working parents with children and adolescents aged 1 to 19 years old. Data were collected at Children Education Institutions during August 2022 by filling out sociodemographic forms for parents and children, including age, education, length of the marriage, job characteristics, gender, number and age of children, measurement of work-family conflict, anxiety/depression symptoms, parenting stress, and mindful parenting. Results: The study found that the majority of parents who had been married for an average of 6.85 years had an average number of children of 2.53 with pre-school and school age (32.2%), fathers had an average age of 38 years with tertiary education (32.1%), working hours of an average of 40.14 hours per week, type of full employment (21%), permanent job schedule (24%), and earn 3 million per month (37.5%), while mothers had an average age of 33 years with tertiary education (43.8%), working hours of an average of 38.38 hours per week, type of part-time job (20.1%), shift work schedule (24.1%) and earn