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Antimicrobial Resistance: Interplay of Animal, Environment, Human and Coordinated Mitigation Strategies

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  • Ugonna Henry Uzoka

    (Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Laboratório de Doenças Bacterianas (LDBAC), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil)

  • Idopise Godwin Edward

    (Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.)

  • Amarachukwu Bernaldine Isiaka

    (Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria)

  • Francis Chimnonso Mgbenwelu

    (Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria)

  • Emmanuel Ifeanyichukwu Ugwor

    (Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria)

  • Vivian Nonyelum Anakwenze

    (Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.)

  • Nneka Victoria Ani

    (Department of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike,)

Abstract

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are examples of microorganisms that exhibit resistance; in contrast, antibiotic resistance is exclusive to bacterial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance poses an escalating global threat to human health. The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, resulting in compromised treatment efficacy and increased mortality rates poses a significant problem to global health. The transmission of antimicrobial resistant strains between humans and animals, particularly in close contact settings, underscores the necessity of a unified approach to one health and further blurs the boundaries between human and animal health. This article aims to highlight microbial resistance which are of significant clinical and epidemiologic importance. Environmental reservoirs, including water bodies and soil, serve as critical conduits for the transmission of antimicrobial resistant genes. Antimicrobial resistance is a complex dynamic within the interconnected realms of human, animal, and environmental health necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. It is important to review the intricate interplay of these factors, as current evidence suggests, emphasising the urgent need for coordinated mitigation strategies to address the multifaceted challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance. This review provides insight on fostering interdisciplinary research which is critical for elucidating the intricate pathways of resistance transmission and for developing innovative interventions against antimicrobial resistance. The urgency of implementing coordinated and holistic mitigation strategies cannot be overstated, as the consequences of inaction extend beyond individual health sectors to encompass the broader fabric of global health security.

Suggested Citation

  • Ugonna Henry Uzoka & Idopise Godwin Edward & Amarachukwu Bernaldine Isiaka & Francis Chimnonso Mgbenwelu & Emmanuel Ifeanyichukwu Ugwor & Vivian Nonyelum Anakwenze & Nneka Victoria Ani, 2024. "Antimicrobial Resistance: Interplay of Animal, Environment, Human and Coordinated Mitigation Strategies," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 11(8), pages 1401-1416, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bjc:journl:v:11:y:2024:i:8:p:1401-1416
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