Identification of Morphotypes in Wild Simsim (Sesamum Calycinum)from Khwisero, Kakamega using Morphological Techniques

Wild simsim (Sesamum calycinum) is among the wild and weedy edible leaf relatives of the sesame,Ceratotheca and Sesamumgenus found in Africa. The vegetable is still gathered from the wild especially during the dry periods Despite the economic and social importance of the vegetable, it has never been domesticated and is in danger of extinction due to the introduction of exotic vegetables and cash crops in its natural habitat. Crop improvement programmes focus mainly on the different traits inplants that can be used for breeding purposes. The field experiment was conducted in Lugari sub–county, Kakamega County aimed at identifying the different morphotypes in wild simsim from Khwisero, sub-county, Kakamega County using qualitative and quantitative descriptors outlined by International Plant Genetic Resource Institute. The seeds were planted in an experimental plot and the plants were observed for different morphological traits at maximum vegetative phase. The results revealed the existence of two morphotypes based on growth type the “indeterminate†and the “determinate†type having the erect and prostrate growth respectively. The morphotypes did not differ in the qualitative traits in stem, leaves, inflorescence, capsule and seed. However, a difference was recorded in plant height, the number of branches, size of leaves, capsule size and the number of seeds per capsule. The indeterminate type recorded a mean height of 56.4cm with fewer branches (17) while the determinate height stood at 42.5cm having more branches (24). The determinate type recorded a leaf area of 53 cm2 while the indeterminate was 36.1 cm2. In conclusion, two morphotypes were identified the†indeterminate†and‘determinate†types. The determinate type is recommended due tothe prediction of high leaf yield observed in more branches and a higher leaf area.. This information can be used as a base for breeders and domestication of wild simsim.