Risk Factors and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Background: To determine the risk factor and treatment of type 2 DM for women with a history of GDM. GDM is associated with morbidity and mortality for mother and fetus and risk of medical diseases later in life for the mother and child like type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is relation between this type of diabetes and glucose tolerance post-partum and association with adverse perinatal outcome. Methods; This study was conducted in Tripoli medical center at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics from 2018 to 2021, the study included 55 pregnant women who had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and fallow them after 6weeks after delivery for 3 years. Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is according to ADA 2021, the data collected by a doctor according to the questionnaire some of the women by face to face interview and some of them by telephone, the collected answers were analyzed and the results were presented using tables and figures. Result: The result of the study showed that according to HbA1c, 31% of GDM become diabetic. The result also showed 50% of diabetic women her age was between 18-26year,and about BMI the diabetic women was 36% of them are overweight. with regard the treatment the study reported 40% of diabetic women receive oral and insulin as treatment, the study showed the women how was poor controlled FBS in last trimester 34.1% become diabetic, about complication during the pregnancy 31% of diabetic women have no complication during the pregnancy. Conclusion: women with a history of GDM need follow up for several years after delivery because the women with a history of GDM at risk of type 2 diabetes or GTD post-partum and the age and BMI and glycemic control in last trimester is considered a risk factor for diabetes in our study.