Healthcare Facilities Optimization in Phase 1 (Kogi and Nasarawa States) of the North-Central Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria Using Geospatial Techniques

This study examines the healthcare landscape in Nasarawa and Kogi States, Nigeria, focusing on the distribution and functionality of healthcare facilities. It highlights challenges in the healthcare sector, including inadequate infrastructure and resources, which are prevalent in many developing countries. Nasarawa State has 1,170 healthcare facilities, with 933 functional and 237 nonfunctional. The majority are Primary Health Centers (PHCs), with 792 in total. Other facilities include maternity homes, general hospitals, and specialized clinics. Most facilities are state-owned, with limited local and federal government representation. 86.2% of built-up areas are within the recommended 5 km distance from state healthcare facilities. However, 13.8% are not covered, indicating gaps in healthcare access. Kogi State has 1,555 healthcare facilities, with 1,143 classified as functional, representing 73.5%. PHCs dominate (84.76%), with other types like maternity homes and general hospitals present but in smaller numbers. 89.96% of facilities are open to the public, with most built-up areas (98.5%) within 5 km of a facility. Despite the high functionality rate, some facilities have unclear statuses, highlighting a need for better data management and monitoring. While Nasarawa has a robust primary healthcare focus, the high number of nonfunctional facilities raises concerns about operational efficiency and resource allocation. Disparities in access, particularly in underserved areas, necessitate improvements in infrastructure and service delivery. Kogi’s healthcare system shows a strong commitment to primary care, with nearly all areas within the recommended distance from facilities. However, the presence of nonfunctional and unknown facilities indicates a need for better monitoring and addressing uncovered regions. Strategic investments in infrastructure and workforce development are recommended to enhance healthcare delivery and improve health outcomes. Both states exhibit strengths and weaknesses in their healthcare systems, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions, better resource allocation, and collaborative efforts to improve healthcare access and quality.