Relationship between Employment Status and Mental Health in Middle East

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between employment status and mental health in Middle East. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Employment provides not only financial stability but also a sense of purpose and social inclusion, which are vital for psychological well-being. Individuals who are employed tend to exhibit lower levels of anxiety and depression compared to those who are unemployed. The loss of a job can lead to significant mental distress, characterized by heightened stress levels, a sense of hopelessness, and diminished self-esteem. Furthermore, precarious employment conditions, such as part-time or temporary work, have been linked to poorer mental health outcomes, as these positions often lack job security and adequate benefits. Conversely, stable and fulfilling employment can enhance mental health by fostering a sense of achievement and stability. These findings underscore the importance of employment policies that promote job security, fair wages, and supportive work environments as a means to bolster mental health across populations. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Job demand-resources (JD-R) model, role strain theory and social support theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the relationship between employment status and mental health in Middle East. Employers should implement comprehensive mental health initiatives tailored to the unique challenges faced by middle-aged employees. Policymakers should focus on strengthening social safety nets for unemployed or underemployed individuals.