Influence of Air Pollution on Respiratory Diseases in Urban European Areas

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of air pollution on respiratory diseases in urban European areas. Materials and Methods: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that high levels of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are closely linked to respiratory conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. Studies have shown that long-term exposure to air pollutants correlates with a higher incidence of these diseases, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly. Moreover, urban areas often experience temperature inversions and stagnation events, exacerbating the accumulation of pollutants and worsening health outcomes. Policy interventions aimed at reducing emissions, such as stricter vehicle regulations and promoting green spaces, have shown promise in improving air quality and consequently reducing the burden of respiratory diseases in these regions. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Health impact assessment (HIA) theory, social determinants of health (SDH) theory and ecological model of Health may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the influence of air pollution on respiratory diseases in urban European areas. In practical terms, the recommendations aim to enhance urban planning and public health initiatives through collaborative efforts between city planners and public health officials. From a policy perspective, these recommendations call for a comprehensive approach to air quality management that includes regulatory changes, funding for public awareness campaigns, and support for research initiatives.