Effect of Dietary Habits on the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults in Uganda

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of dietary habits on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adults in Uganda. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study indicated that a diet high in processed foods, sugars, and saturated fats has been consistently linked to an increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. These dietary patterns contribute to obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation, which are key risk factors for the disease. Conversely, diets rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats are associated with a lower risk of Type 2 diabetes. Such diets help in maintaining a healthy weight, improving insulin sensitivity, and reducing inflammation. Additionally, specific eating patterns like the Mediterranean diet and plant-based diets have shown protective effects against Type 2 diabetes. Regular consumption of fiber-rich foods, nuts, and legumes also contributes to better glycemic control and lower diabetes risk. The findings underscore the importance of dietary modifications as a preventative measure and a crucial component in the management of Type 2 diabetes among adults. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social cognitive theory, health belief model and theory of planned behavior may be used to anchor future studies on assessing effect of dietary habits on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adults in Uganda. Healthcare providers should implement comprehensive nutrition education programs that emphasize the benefits of balanced diets rich in vegetables, whole grains, and fibers. Policymakers should implement regulations to limit the availability of unhealthy processed foods high in refined sugars and unhealthy fats.