Effect of Environmental Pollution on Respiratory Health in Urban Areas of Europe

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of environmental pollution on respiratory health in urban areas of Europe. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study yielded that air pollution particularly from traffic emissions and industrial activities, has been strongly linked to respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchitis. High levels of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) have been consistently associated with increased respiratory symptoms and exacerbations of existing respiratory diseases. Furthermore, long-term exposure to these pollutants has been shown to contribute to the development and progression of respiratory diseases, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Environmental justice theory, social determinants of health theory and ecological systems theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the effect of environmental pollution on respiratory health in urban areas of Europe. Establish robust air quality monitoring networks coupled with health surveillance systems to track pollution levels and respiratory health indicators in real-time. Enact and enforce stringent air quality standards, emission regulations, and zoning ordinances to limit pollution sources, minimize exposure, and protect respiratory health in urban areas.