Relationship between Gender Identity and Mental Health Outcomes in LGBTQ+ Youth in Ghana

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between gender identity and mental health outcomes in LGBTQ+ youth in Ghana. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed significant disparities and nuanced impacts across different identity groups. For transgender and non-binary youth, studies consistently highlight higher rates of anxiety and depression compared to cisgender peers. These disparities are often linked to experiences of discrimination, lack of social support, and internalized stigma related to gender identity. The stressors associated with gender dysphoria and navigating societal expectations contribute significantly to these mental health challenges. Conversely, some studies suggest that LGBTQ+ youth who have strong support systems and affirming environments tend to report better mental health outcomes. Positive identity affirmation, access to gender-affirming healthcare, and inclusive policies within educational and community settings are crucial factors in mitigating mental health risks among gender diverse youth. Understanding these dynamics is essential for developing interventions and support strategies that promote resilience and well-being among LGBTQ+ youth, irrespective of their gender identity. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Minority stress theory, gender minority stress and resilience model and intersectionality theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the relationship between gender identity and mental health outcomes in LGBTQ+ youth in Ghana. In practice, expanding access to gender-affirming healthcare services is paramount. Healthcare providers should receive comprehensive training to deliver culturally competent and affirming care to LGBTQ+ youth. At the policy level, advocating for legal protections and supportive policies for LGBTQ+ youth is imperative.