Influence of Cyber Warfare on Diplomatic Relations between Rival States in Nigeria

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of cyber warfare on diplomatic relations between rival states in Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that cyberattacks can create an atmosphere of mistrust and tension, often resulting in a breakdown of diplomatic communications. For instance, studies show that countries may respond to cyberattacks with heightened security measures, leading to an arms race in cyber capabilities, which further complicates diplomatic negotiations. Additionally, the ambiguity surrounding cyber operations—where it can be challenging to attribute attacks to specific state actors—can lead to retaliatory actions that escalate conflicts without clear justification. Ultimately, the evolving nature of cyber warfare necessitates new frameworks for understanding international relations, as states grapple with balancing security concerns and the need for cooperation in an increasingly interconnected world. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Realism, constructivism and cyber deterrence theory may be used to anchor future studies on assessing influence of cyber warfare on diplomatic relations between rival states in Nigeria. From a practical standpoint, these recommendations offer actionable steps for states to improve their handling of cyber warfare's impact on diplomatic relations. Policymakers are encouraged to revise diplomatic training curricula to include modules on cybersecurity, thereby preparing diplomats for the realities of modern conflict.