Impact of Social Protection Programs on Household Poverty in Urban Slums

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of social protection programs on household poverty in urban slums. Materials and Methods: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that cash transfers, food assistance, and health insurance schemes help reduce poverty levels by improving access to essential services and alleviating immediate financial burdens. In various urban slum settings, these programs have been linked to increased household income stability, better health outcomes, and enhanced educational opportunities for children. For instance, evidence from slum areas in countries like Kenya and India reveals that social protection initiatives contribute to greater food security and reduced incidence of malnutrition. Overall, while challenges remain in program implementation and reach, the positive effects on household poverty in urban slums underscore the importance of continuing and expanding such interventions. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social safety net theory, capability approach and theory of change may be used to anchor future studies on assessing the impact of social protection programs on household poverty in urban slums. Enhancing the implementation of social protection programs requires a multifaceted approach. Policymakers play a crucial role in developing comprehensive social protection policies that are flexible, scalable, and responsive to the dynamic needs of urban slum communities.