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Energy tariff shield in France: what is the outcome?
[Bouclier tarifaire sur les prix de l’énergie en France : quel bilan ?]

Author

Listed:
  • Matthieu Lemoine
  • Anna Petronevich
  • Anastasia Zhutova

Abstract

This article examines the effect of the tariff shield on energy prices in France using simulations carried out with the FR-BDF model. The simulations show that the shield helped to lower inflation by a cumulative 2.2 percentage points over 2022-23. It also boosted GDP growth by 0.3 percentage point over the period, compared with a scenario with no government measures to offset the energy price shock. In addition, the measure had a stronger impact on purchasing power for wages with a low degree of indexation. This positive assessment of the tariff shield relative to other purchasing power support measures is nonetheless contingent on the temporary nature of the energy price shock: in the event of a more persistent shock, a tariff shield would only delay the inevitable rise in inflation, unless it were kept in place over the longer term at a prohibitive fiscal cost. Cet article évalue l’effet du bouclier tarifaire sur les prix de l’énergie en France à l’aide de simulations réalisées avec le modèle FR-BDF. Celles-ci montrent que le bouclier tarifaire a contribué à limiter l’inflation, avec un impact cumulé de – 2,2 points de pourcentage (pp) en 2022-2023. Il a aussi soutenu la croissance économique (+ 0,3 pp de PIB sur 2022-2023), par rapport à un scénario sans aucune mesure publique de compensation du choc sur les prix de l’énergie. L’impact sur le pouvoir d’achat de ce bouclier est plus fort pour les salaires peu indexés. Le bilan relativement favorable du bouclier tarifaire (comparativement à d’autres mesures de soutien au pouvoir d’achat) est toutefois contingent à la nature temporaire du choc des prix de l’énergie : en cas de choc persistant, un bouclier tarifaire ne ferait que différer le surcroît d’inflation, sauf à être maintenu durablement, pour un coût budgétaire prohibitif.

Suggested Citation

  • Matthieu Lemoine & Anna Petronevich & Anastasia Zhutova, 2024. "Energy tariff shield in France: what is the outcome? [Bouclier tarifaire sur les prix de l’énergie en France : quel bilan ?]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 253.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2024:253:04
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