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The gas price shock: never again?
[Choc gazier : plus jamais ça ?]

Author

Listed:
  • Colin Baget
  • Guillaume Gaulier
  • Juan Carluccio
  • Arthur Stalla-Bourdillon
  • Jean-Baptiste Gossé
  • Florian Le Gallo
  • Aymeric Schneider

Abstract

With the first disruptions to Russian gas supplies at end 2021, and especially the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, European gas prices surged, before subsiding again in 2023. Given that natural gas accounts for only a small share of total European imports, how can we explain the huge impact this shock had on euro area inflationary trends? This article attempts to analyse the mechanisms behind the transmission of the energy shock, focusing on the specific features of the gas and electricity markets that amplified the crisis. It also examines the strategies adopted by the European Union to strengthen its resilience to future shocks, notably the reform of the electricity market. À la suite des premières perturbations sur l’offre de gaz russe fin 2021, et surtout dans le sillage de l’invasion de l’Ukraine en février 2022, le prix du gaz en Europe a fortement augmenté, avant de refluer en 2023. Alors que le gaz naturel ne représente qu’une faible part des importations européennes totales, comment expliquer que ce choc ait eu une telle influence sur les dynamiques inflationnistes en zone euro ? Cet article vise à analyser les mécanismes de transmission du choc énergétique, en se concentrant sur les spécificités des marchés du gaz et de l’électricité qui ont constitué des facteurs amplificateurs de la crise. Il examine également les stratégies adoptées par l’Union européenne pour réduire sa vulnérabilité face à de futurs chocs, notamment par la réforme de son marché de l’électricité.

Suggested Citation

  • Colin Baget & Guillaume Gaulier & Juan Carluccio & Arthur Stalla-Bourdillon & Jean-Baptiste Gossé & Florian Le Gallo & Aymeric Schneider, 2024. "The gas price shock: never again? [Choc gazier : plus jamais ça ?]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 252.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2024:252:01
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Schlecht, Ingmar & Maurer, Christoph & Hirth, Lion, 2024. "Financial contracts for differences: The problems with conventional CfDs in electricity markets and how forward contracts can help solve them," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    2. Silvia Albrizio & John Bluedorn & Christoffer Koch & Andrea Pescatori & Martin Stuermer, 2023. "Sectoral Shocks and the Role of Market Integration: The Case of Natural Gas," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 113, pages 43-46, May.
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