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Covid 19 crisis and capital outflows from emerging economies: global safety nets are effective, but need to be strengthened
[Crise Covid 19 et sorties de capitaux dans les économies émergentes : des filets de sécurité internationaux efficaces, mais à compléter]

Author

Listed:
  • Rafaël Cezar
  • Rémy Lecat
  • Clément Marsilli
  • Floriane Van Den Hove

Abstract

The Covid 19 crisis has led to greater capital outflows from emerging countries than those observed in 2008. At the national level, in response to this crisis, countries have implemented effective and unprecedented counter cyclical policies: fiscal, macroprudential and monetary, often with unconventional asset purchase policies for the first time. There have been numerous but limited foreign exchange interventions, with many countries choosing to float their currencies, and capital controls have been rare. At the global level, International Monetary Fund (IMF) loans were the main instruments used. These responses have resulted in a selective return of capital flows to some emerging countries. Nevertheless, additional support is needed to restore sustainable growth. The IMF’s general allocation of Special Drawing Rights at the end of August 2021 could be an opportunity to implement more durable measures through their reallocation. La crise de la Covid 19 a provoqué des sorties de capitaux des pays émergents plus importantes qu’en 2008. Au niveau national, pour répondre à cette crise, les pays ont mis en place des politiques contracycliques efficaces et inédites : budgétaire, macroprudentielle, monétaire, avec, souvent pour la première fois, des politiques non conventionnelles d’achats d’actifs. Les interventions de change ont été nombreuses mais temporaires, bien des pays choisissant de laisser flotter leur devise, et les contrôles de capitaux ont été rares. Au niveau international, ce sont principalement les prêts du Fonds monétaire international (FMI) qui ont été mobilisés. Ces réponses ont permis un retour des capitaux sélectifs vers certains pays émergents. Néanmoins, des aides complémentaires sont nécessaires pour restaurer durablement la croissance. L’allocation générale de droits de tirage spéciaux du FMI, fin août 2021, pourrait être l’occasion de mettre en place des mesures plus pérennes à travers leur réallocation.

Suggested Citation

  • Rafaël Cezar & Rémy Lecat & Clément Marsilli & Floriane Van Den Hove, 2022. "Covid 19 crisis and capital outflows from emerging economies: global safety nets are effective, but need to be strengthened [Crise Covid 19 et sorties de capitaux dans les économies émergentes : de," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 239.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2022:239:03
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