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Price and non-price competitiveness: Lessons from global value chains
[Compétitivité prix et hors-prix : Leçons des chaînes de valeur mondiales]

Author

Listed:
  • Rafaël CEZAR
  • Fanny CARTELLIER

Abstract

The role of prices and other so-called non-price factors, such as quality and brand image, are commonly highlighted in analyses of export competitiveness. However, the increasing internationalisation of production within global value chains reinforces the dependence of export prices on the prices of imported inputs. Taking into account this phenomenon, this bulletin shows that non-resident sectors are a determinant factor in export cost developments, accounting for about three quarters of their growth in France. Thus, in the evolution of competitiveness, domestic factors may weigh comparatively less than external ones, which domestic policies can nevertheless not control. In this context, price competitiveness is decisive for the United States, while non-price competitiveness is more important for China and Spain. As for France and the United Kingdom, both price and non-price effects offset each other. Le rôle des prix et des autres facteurs dits hors-prix, tels que la qualité ou l’image de marque, sont communément mis en avant dans l’analyse de la compétitivité à l’exportation. L’internationalisation croissante de la production au sein des chaînes de valeur mondiales renforce toutefois la dépendance du prix des exportations à l’évolution des prix des importations intermédiaires utilisés dans leur production. En tenant compte de ce phénomène, ce bulletin montre que les secteurs non résidents sont déterminants dans l’évolution des coûts des exportations, expliquant par exemple environ trois quarts de leur croissance en France. Ainsi, dans l’évolution de la compétitivité, les facteurs nationaux peuvent peser comparativement moins que ceux externes, qui sont pourtant subis. Dans ce contexte, la compétitivité prix se révèle déterminante pour les États-Unis tandis que celle hors-prix l’est davantage pour la Chine ou l’Espagne. Enfin, les deux effets, prix et hors-prix, se compensent pour la France ou le Royaume-Uni.

Suggested Citation

  • Rafaël CEZAR & Fanny CARTELLIER, 2019. "Price and non-price competitiveness: Lessons from global value chains [Compétitivité prix et hors-prix : Leçons des chaînes de valeur mondiales]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 224.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2019:224:02
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ramon Xifré, 2021. "Non‐Price Competitiveness Factors—A simple measure and implications for the five largest euro area countries," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(11), pages 3091-3110, November.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange

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