Flexible Learning Model Effects in Kurikulum Merdeka Implementation to Develop Soft-Kill and Student Character in Vocational High Schools

Kurikulum Merdeka, known as Indonesia’s Independent Learning Curriculum, has been introduced in vocational high schools to equip students with practical skills aligned with industry demands. Among these are soft skills and character development, which are essential for vocational students to compete effectively in the job market. The flexible learning model incorporated into Kurikulum Merdeka allows students to explore their potential within the school setting. However, the implementation of this curriculum in vocational schools faces several challenges, including teachers’ understanding, preparedness of both teachers and students, and the availability of infrastructure. This study aims to assess how Kurikulum Merdeka is applied in vocational high schools in Nganjuk, as well as to evaluate the impact of the flexible learning model on the development of students’ soft skills and character. A qualitative descriptive approach was used in the research, involving in-depth interviews with teachers, students, and principals of public vocational high schools in Nganjuk, in addition to document analysis regarding the implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka. The findings reveal that Kurikulum Merdeka in vocational schools in Nganjuk can enhance students’ soft skills and character when supported by teachers, school management, and government stakeholders. Moreover, the flexible learning model plays a significant role in helping students improve their soft skills and character. This model, which includes online learning, project-based learning, cooperative learning, competency-based learning, and problem-based learning, is effective in fostering the development of these skills. By combining practical application with theoretical knowledge, the flexible learning model addresses various challenges. Its success depends on five key components: the integration of project-based learning, the use of problem-based learning, differentiated learning approaches, the incorporation of formative assessments for feedback, and collaboration with industry and students’ families.