Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in Offshore and Onshore Oil Platforms

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is a critical technology for reducing CO2 emissions in the oil and gas sector, contributing to global decarbonization efforts. This review explores the integration of CCUS technology in both offshore and onshore oil platforms, focusing on capturing CO2 emissions and either utilizing it for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) or storing it underground. The review begins with an overview of CCUS mechanisms, including CO2 capture techniques, utilization in industrial applications such as EOR, and storage in geological formations. The analysis delves into the unique challenges and opportunities associated with CCUS deployment in offshore platforms, including infrastructure requirements, marine environment considerations, and case studies of successful offshore projects like Norway’s Sleipner. Onshore oil platforms are also examined, with a focus on proximity to CO2 sources, infrastructure costs, and notable onshore CCUS initiatives. The review highlights the dual benefits of CO2-EOR, which boosts oil recovery while simultaneously sequestering CO2, extending the operational life of oil fields. However, challenges such as the technical barriers to CO2 retention, high costs, and regulatory uncertainties are discussed. Technological innovations, including advanced capture methods and improved storage monitoring, are identified as potential pathways to overcoming these obstacles. Future prospects for large-scale CCUS deployment are considered, emphasizing the need for public-private partnerships, policy support, and investment to scale up the technology and ensure its role in achieving net-zero emissions. This review underscores the importance of CCUS in reducing the environmental impact of oil and gas operations, while offering economic incentives through EOR and the long-term potential for sustainable energy transition.