Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Public Health Perspective

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a clinical and public health issue and is the most common endocrine disorder that affect women of reproductive age globally. Despite its widespread occurrence, PCOS remains underdiagnosed and undertreated especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aim to provide an in-depth analysis of PCOS from a public health perspective and to identify the global and regional prevalence, risk factors, and health outcomes associated with the condition. Additionally, the paper explores the healthcare response, including early diagnosis, management strategies, and prevention efforts, with a focus on improving health systems’ ability to address PCOS effectively. A comprehensive review of current literature, including peer-reviewed articles, clinical trials, and public health reports, was conducted. Data were extracted from multiple sources to highlight epidemiological details, health impacts, and healthcare interventions. Key statistics and findings were collated. The prevalence of PCOS varied globally, across regions, and countries from 2.2% in China to 16.8(±8.5)% in Denmark. Women with PCOS face increased risks of infertility, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety. While treatment options are available, accessibility and awareness remain significant barriers. PCOS is a major public health concern with wide-ranging effects on women’s health. Improved diagnosis, early intervention, and comprehensive healthcare policies are crucial to mitigating its impact. Public health strategies should focus on increasing awareness, enhancing diagnostic criteria, providing access to affordable treatments, and integrating mental health support for women affected by PCOS. Collaborative research efforts are required for a better understanding of the condition’s epidemiology and to improve management approaches.