Indigenous Conflict Resolution Mechanisms and their Effectiveness in Contemporary Ethiopia: The Case of Gechuma of the Gedeo People

In contemporary Ethiopia and across Africa, the effectiveness of indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms is facing unprecedented challenges due to globalization, modernity, and the decentralization of state power. These have all contributed to a changing landscape where indigenous conflict resolution practices and rituals are being put to the test. This study focuses on the effectiveness of indigenous conflict resolution institutions in contemporary Ethiopia by taking the case of Gechuma of the Gedeo community in Gedeb Woreda, Gedeo Zone. The research answered the following questions: What are the practices of Gechuma in handling conflicts within the Gedeo community? How effective is Gechuma today as an indigenous conflict resolution institution? And what are the major factors influencing Gechuma’s ability to resolve conflicts? Qualitative research methods were employed, including interviews with knowledgeable elders, community members, experts from the Culture and Tourism office, and the Woreda Court. Additionally, observation, focused group discussions, and literature reviews were conducted to collect evidences. The study findings indicate that Gedeo people resolve conflicts by indigenous conflict resolution known as Gechuma in the local setting. The finding also reveals that Gechuma institution is effective in fact-finding and resolving conflicts within shorter period of time and durably between conflicting parties in the local setting. It is widely applied in the study area due to its effectiveness in conflict resolution. Gechuma procedures are characterized by trust and inclusivity for conflicting parties and community members. However, several factors affect the effectiveness of Gechuma. These include a lack of codification and documentation, disobedience for indigenous conflict resolution rituals and practices among the youth, gender inequality within the system, political interference, and the influence of modern religion. To enhance the effectiveness of Gechuma, this study recommends several interventions. Firstly, it calls for supporting the documentation of Gechuma, recognizing its importance and preserving its knowledge for future generations. Secondly, efforts should be made to make Gechuma a gender-inclusive institution, ensuring equal participation and representation. Thirdly, awareness programs should be implemented to educate younger generations and religious leaders about the value and importance of indigenous conflict resolution institutions. Additionally, political and governmental intrusion into the system should be reduced to maintain its autonomy and integrity.