Economic Security of Returnees and Its Role in Fostering Sustainable Development in Baga, Borno State

The persistence of terrorism, notably exemplified by the actions of extremist groups like Boko Haram, continues to pose significant threats to global peace and security. In the aftermath of conflict, the return of displaced individuals to Baga presents both challenges and opportunities for the community’s economic recovery and sustainable development. This study investigates the economic security of returnees in Baga and its pivotal role in fostering sustainable development in the region. The objectives of the study include assessing the physiological needs satisfaction, safety and security perceptions, willingness to stay, and livelihoods/economic security of returnees. Using a descriptive survey approach, data was gathered from a sample of 400 returnees, employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Structured questionnaires were administered to capture information on various aspects of returnees’ economic security and well-being. Descriptive statistics, including means, medians, and frequency distributions, were computed to summarize quantitative data, while thematic analysis was employed to identify common themes in qualitative responses. The findings reveal diverse challenges faced by returnees in meeting their physiological needs, including housing security and access to clean water. Despite these challenges, the majority of returnees’ report feeling safe and express satisfaction with safety and security initiatives in Baga. However, a significant proportion still grapples with concerns about their future residency and livelihood opportunities, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions to support their reintegration and economic empowerment. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of addressing barriers to economic integration, such as limited job opportunities, access to financial services, and market inclusivity. Government assistance programs and access to natural resources like land and fishing grounds play crucial roles in supporting returnees’ economic well-being and community resilience.