Occupational Stress among Healthcare Workers Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from a Malaysian Hospital

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented levels of occupational stress among healthcare workers, particularly those on the front lines. Increased workloads, frequently changing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and the continuous use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) have highlighted the critical need for effective management practices to safeguard the well-being and resilience of healthcare staff. This study examines the influence of managerial interventions on alleviating occupational stress among healthcare workers at a Malaysian public hospital during the pandemic. Using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model as a conceptual framework, a qualitative approach with snowball sampling was applied to gather semi-structured interview data from healthcare personnel, including doctors, nurses, and support staff. Content analysis revealed core stressors such as intensified workloads, PPE-related discomfort, and SOP-related confusion. Effective strategies, such as counseling services, NGO support, and recognition programs, significantly mitigated stress, although gaps in communication and resource allocation were identified as factors exacerbating stress. This research highlights the critical need for adaptive and proactive management to reduce occupational stress during crises, emphasizing the roles of strategic communication, mental health support, and efficient resource management. The findings provide insights into resilient management frameworks that can enhance preparedness for future healthcare challenges.