Socio-Cultural Factors Leading to Vulnerability among Children: A Special Reference to Don Bosco Sneha Bhavan Society (Boys’ and Girls’ Homes) in Kochi City, Kerala State

Children’s vulnerability is a complicated problem that is impacted by many different things, such as social structures, cultural norms, and socioeconomic circumstances. Children in areas where these variables come together are especially vulnerable to abuse, exploitation, and neglect. The issue of vulnerability among children is reported by both government and NGOs in Kerala State, Kochi City in particular. Many children are roaming around in streets in search of food and they are engaging in child labour and prostitution. It is a concern considering that the future of these children is being ruined. Different NGOs in Kochi are caring these children by providing shelter, food, education and protection. One such prominent NGO is Don Bosco Sneha Bhavan Society. However, there has never been a study exploring causes of this at the organisation. This study therefore delves into the complex issue of child vulnerability in Kochi City, particularly focusing on the socio-cultural factors that contribute to this problem at the organisation. The study used qualitative research approach through an explanatory research design. Data sources were both primary sources (direct interviews) and secondary sources (existing reports and studies). The study’s main objectives were:1) To identify the background of vulnerable children at Don Bosco Sneha Bhavan Society in Kochi, Kerala and 2) To explore socio-cultural factors leading to vulnerability of children at Don Bosco Sneha Bhavan Society. The researcher used purposive sampling. Total sample size was 11 (6 males and5 females) both children and staffs. The data was collected using In-depth interviews (4boys & 4 girls) and Key informant interviews (2 males & 1 female). The thematic analysis was used to analyse the collected data. The study found that children at Don Bosco Sneha Bhavan Society typically come from poor families and lack parental care, often due to abuse, parental alcoholism, separation or divorce of parents, or the death of one or both parents. To mitigate these issues, the study concludes by recommending that the government prioritize welfare programs and provide adequate support to children in need. This would help prevent homelessness and protect children from exploitation. By addressing the underlying socio-cultural factors, we can work towards creating a more secure and nurturing environment for vulnerable children in Kochi.